On June 29th, the Jamestown Foundation of the United States released the report of German scholar Adrian Zenz on Sterilization, IUD and Compulsory Contraception: the Communist Party of China (CPC)’s Action to Suppress the Fertility Rate of Uygur in Xinjiang (hereinafter referred to as the "Report"). The report, as always, smeared and attacked the human rights situation in Xinjiang, China, accusing Xinjiang of "large-scale descent — — Under the background of ethnic control strategy, the compulsory "genocide" policy is implemented. From the analysis of the report, we can see that just from the pictures used by Zheng Guoen, the report is extremely imprecise, fictionalizes the relationship between pictures and texts, maliciously interprets cases, and has no factual basis. It is a hodgepodge of random patchwork and subjective speculation. In 2007, Zheng Guoen traveled in Xinjiang, but the pictures in the report did not come from this trip. Instead, he downloaded pictures that were inconsistent with his report from some networks, and deduced the situation of family planning in Xinjiang based on false reports, imagining the so-called "forced sterilization" and "genocide" in Xinjiang. As a scholar, Zheng Guoen’s research is extremely rigorous, which goes against academic norms and academic ethics, and exposes the political attribute of this academic report to some extent. These practices are no longer a problem in the academic field, but a naked political practice in the name of academic research.
First, fictional graphic relationship
In the report, Zheng Guoen adopted the "Hollywood-style editing technique" to fictionalize the relationship between pictures and articles in the report, trying to construct an image with some carefully designed languages and a few selective pictures.
(A) synthetic pictures, is to attract attention.
Judging from the cover of the report, the fictional pictures of people are spliced with the imaginary situation in Xinjiang to attract people’s attention. Zheng Guoen is keen to use these pictures to imply that there are large-scale monitoring and forced labor of local ethnic minorities in Xinjiang, but the report selectively ignores the efforts made by Xinjiang to achieve peaceful and stable development. For example, the report uses a photo of a camera mounted on the wall (Figure 1) to say that Xinjiang has completely become a heavily guarded prison and the Uighurs in Xinjiang are completely under control. In fact, the main purpose of installing cameras in public places in Xinjiang according to law is to effectively prevent and crack down on illegal and criminal acts such as theft. These measures have enhanced the sense of social security and won the general support of the people of all ethnic groups in Xinjiang. The monitoring facilities will not automatically identify or target a specific ethnic group. It will deter criminals and protect law-abiding citizens. In fact, this practice is also true in other countries. Here, Zheng Guoen just distorts and exaggerates it.
(B) Rambling, imposing graphic relations
Judging from the contents of the report, Zheng Guoen repeatedly mentioned the national health check-up work in Xinjiang. First of all, the report lists three Uighur mothers, Zumrat Dawut, Mihrigul Tursun and Rakhima Senbay, who were "forcibly sterilized". Judging from the pictures attached to the report (Figure 2), they are pictures of two Uighur women in the hospital, and the corroborative relationship between the pictures and the article obviously has a strong viewpoint-oriented intention. However, through search, it was found that the picture came from a popular science article on People’s Daily, named "‘ Gynecological examination ’ Have to pick a date, these ‘ An auspicious day ’ Do you understand? " (See link). This popular science article focuses on the gynecological examination of popular science, and clearly indicates that the picture shows: "On November 11, 2016, several ethnic minority youths from rural areas in Hotan, Xinjiang, enjoyed the health examination for the first time free of charge in the 29th Regiment Hospital of the Second Division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps". Obviously, Zheng Guo-en smeared the relationship between pictures and texts by fiction, and his poor technique and despicable purpose should be spurned by academic circles.
At the same time, the report also said that health check-up in Xinjiang minority areas is a means to control population growth, and it is also a compulsory means to thoroughly implement increasingly strict family planning measures. The attached picture (Figure 3) is a photo of a group of elderly people receiving health examination, which is intended to use "related" pictures to prove that health examination is the content of compulsory family planning. However, through verification, it is found that the picture comes from the Xinjiang News of Zhongxin.com, titled "Twenty-five regiments of the second division: helping the rural areas with free clinic activities to warm people’s hearts", with the in-depth development of the poverty alleviation work in Xinjiang as the main content, and clearly indicates that the picture shows the process of "The twenty-five regiments of the second division helping the rural areas with free clinic activities to warm people’s hearts" (see link). It can be seen that Zheng Guoen’s attempt to prove through pictures not only failed to prove his lies of "genocide" and "compulsory family planning", but showed that the mass health work in Xinjiang was fruitful.
As far as health examination in Xinjiang is concerned, the development of health undertakings in Xinjiang is an important means to build a "healthy Xinjiang". Physical examination is beneficial to take effective intervention measures to solve health problems by obtaining residents’ health information and evaluating health risks. Xinjiang is located in the northwest of China. Residents’ diet is generally salty, meat is too much, and they like to eat greasy, spicy and roasted food, mainly beef, mutton and dairy products, which leads to high incidence of hypertension, hyperlipidemia and hyperglycemia. Therefore, it is of great significance to carry out health checkups in Xinjiang. Since 2012, Xinjiang has continued to regard medical treatment for the benefit of the people as an important livelihood project and popular support project, continuously increased investment in medical and health care, and promoted the construction of "healthy Xinjiang". In 2016, in order to fully grasp the main factors affecting the health of urban and rural residents, Xinjiang established a scientific and complete health record for urban and rural residents, and primary hospitals provided annual free health check-ups to Xinjiang residents, so as to achieve "early detection, early diagnosis, early prevention and early treatment" for various diseases that endanger people’s health.
First, free health check-ups for all. Since the first round of national health check-up project was launched in Xinjiang in October 2016, Xinjiang urban and rural residents can enjoy free medical check-ups once a year. The national health check-up project mainly focuses on the combination of national health check-up and the improvement of residents’ health records. The physical examination content is implemented in accordance with the National Basic Public Health Service Standard (2016 Edition) issued by the National Health Planning Commission. All localities, states and cities will increase the examination items in a targeted manner within the scope of physical examination standards in combination with local high-incidence diseases (see link). By 2019, the national health check-up work will be fully completed, and Xinjiang has invested a total of 5.324 billion yuan to complete 70.81 million health check-ups for people of all ethnic groups. The average life expectancy in the whole region has increased from less than 30 years before the founding of New China to 72 years by the end of 2018, 2.4 times the original.
Second, medical talents "group" aid Xinjiang to benefit the recipient areas. In 2016, various provinces and cities aiding Xinjiang launched a "group-style" aid work for medical talents. Over the past four years, the "group-based" aid work of medical talents in Xinjiang has shown a strong driving role. Through various forms of assistance, such as "contracting departments by hospitals" and "mentoring by teachers", the overall service capacity of recipient units has been improved, and some recipient hospitals have achieved leap-forward development. "There are doctors in Xinjiang, so we don’t need to go to Urumqi or the mainland to see a doctor." This is the voice of many grassroots patients in Xinjiang.
The healthy development of health in Xinjiang has brought tangible health benefits to the local people, which not only vigorously promoted the construction of "healthy Xinjiang", but also laid a solid foundation for realizing the goal of "everyone enjoys basic medical and health services". This series of measures has significantly improved the sense of acquisition and happiness of the people in the region in the field of health, and provided a strong guarantee for the sustainable economic development, social harmony and stability, and people’s living and working in peace and contentment in Xinjiang.
(3) The policy of inclusive talents of all ethnic groups is described as a means of "assimilation"
The report mentions that "a large number of Han people have flooded into Xinjiang", and many of them are attracted to Xinjiang by the promises of high wages, free housing and other types of subsidies. A picture of a beautiful housing community named "Newly developed Han immigrant housing in wujiaqu city, northern Urumqi" is attached, with the intention of slandering China’s "talent introduction policy" as "using high wages and other promises to attract a large number of Han people to assimilate people in Xinjiang" through "related" pictures. However, through verification, it is found that the picture comes from a recruitment brochure in the job search network of fresh graduates, and the news mainly focuses on the recruitment brochure of the 50 th regiment of the third division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps, and clearly indicates that the picture shows the situation of "small town residential quarters" (see link).
As far as the introduction of talents in Xinjiang is concerned, due to its special geographical location in the west and its distance from the economically developed coastal areas, the economic and social development level, income level and quality of life in Xinjiang are low, and Xinjiang faces the double difficulties of continuous loss of local talents and difficulty in introducing high-level talents. Faced with this double test, Xinjiang has actively taken corresponding measures to solve the talent shortage problem.
In June 2019, the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC issued the Opinions on Encouraging and Guiding Talents to Move to Hard and Remote Areas and Grassroots. The document pointed out that talents are the key to support the accelerated development of hard and remote areas and grassroots. It is necessary to give play to the agglomeration effect of industrial and scientific and technological projects and build a platform for talents to start businesses in hard and remote areas and grassroots frontline officers. It is not difficult to see that the central document is not only aimed at Xinjiang, but "the vast number of hard and remote areas and the grassroots front line." In order to implement the guiding ideology of the Opinions, in December of the same year, Xinjiang Autonomous Region issued the "Implementation Plan on Implementing the Opinions on Encouraging and Guiding Talents to Move to Difficult and Remote Areas and Grassroots Areas". Xinjiang will continue to recruit mainland college graduates to work in rural areas in southern Xinjiang, enrich the structure of grassroots talents, and at the same time adopt support policies such as tax exemption, business loans and business subsidies to attract college graduates to work and start businesses at the grassroots level.
In attracting talents, Xinjiang provides all-round protection for the transfer of imported talents, spouse employment, children’s enrollment, housing, social insurance connection, medical treatment in different places and entrepreneurial support. For example, Tacheng Human Resources and Social Security Bureau issued the "Guide for the Introduction of Talents in Urgent Need in Tacheng Area in 2020" (see link). As can be seen from the guide, in order to attract outstanding talents, Tacheng area has provided ten preferential treatment policies, such as revolving housing, house purchase subsidies, professional titles, spouse placement and visiting relatives.
In terms of retaining talents, Xinjiang has released a series of policy dividends, such as implementing the subsidy policy for hard and remote areas and tilting the income of those who have worked in high-class areas for a long time; Allow universities and research institutes to independently determine the level of performance pay, and encourage and support the establishment of a special salary system for business backbones, special talents and key positions (see link); Improve the social insurance system, expand the number of designated medical institutions that are included in inter-provincial medical treatment in different places, and facilitate medical treatment in different places; Further improve the hardware and software conditions of basic education and public medical care at the grass-roots level, improve the level of teaching and medical care, and strive to meet the needs of grassroots talents for medical treatment and children’s schooling.
Of course, when Xinjiang introduced the talent introduction policy and tried to solve the bottleneck of talent introduction, it actively helped the grassroots to attract and retain talents, which provided important motivation and intellectual support for the development and construction of Xinjiang. At the same time, this policy is not only to attract talents from all ethnic groups to work in Xinjiang, but also effective in attracting and retaining Uighur talents in Xinjiang. Its focus is on talent policy, not ethnic policy, not to mention assimilation through the talent introduction policy slandered in Zheng Guoen’s report.
(4) Borrowing popular science pictures and forcibly making false arguments.
In the report, Zheng Guoen marked the following pictures of female physiological structure (Figures 8 and 9) with the title: "The Health and Wellness Committee of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region purchased four intrauterine devices with different shapes in 2019, all of which have no fiber thread" and "Tubal ligation can be reversible or irreversible". However, through verification, it is found that the pictures are from the popular science articles of "Aunt" and "Sohu" respectively. The title is: "Sister, do you know anything about IUDs?" And "female ligation, what effect does it have on the body?" (See link), the article focuses on contraceptive measures such as popular contraceptive ring and ligation. The report exaggerates the picture information of general popular science knowledge in online news, but links it with the IUD purchased in Xinjiang, which is obviously suspected of false writing, and its despicable intention is obvious.
Second, fabricate data sources
In order to achieve the rigor of the so-called independent report, Zheng Guoen listed a large number of relevant data in this independent report. However, through actual verification, it is not difficult to find that the data sources in this independent report are suspected of fabrication and selectively taken out of context. For example, the report pointed out that "in 2018, Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture issued an outspoken statement, clearly defining ‘ Free birth control surgery ’ The campaign is linked to the large-scale sterilization of the rural population. " At the same time, the article 43 citation is attached to prove it. However, through actual verification, it is found that the relevant content cited in this article comes from the content of Article 9 (see link) in the "Summary of Poverty Alleviation and Development Work in the First Half of 2018" issued by Kizilsu Kirgiz Autonomous Prefecture, and has nothing to do with the relevant situation described in the "Report". Zheng Guoen’s one-sided connection between a sentence and "large-scale sterilization" out of context is a very irresponsible falsification of data sources, which violates the authenticity and reliability of academic research.
Third, the conclusion is groundless
In the conclusion of the report, it is pointed out that "Xinjiang has reduced the minority population and increased the Han population by implementing the population control system, and launched a large-scale sterilization campaign." Based on the above false, one-sided and non-objective data collection and analysis, the conclusions are inaccurate and have obvious malicious slander purposes. According to the data of Xinjiang Statistical Yearbook 2019, from the 12th National Congress of the Communist Party of China in September 1982 to the end of 2018, the registered population of Uighurs in Xinjiang increased from 5,986,800 to 11,678,600, showing an overall upward trend year by year, accounting for 46.8% of the total population of the autonomous region. The registered population of Han nationality in Xinjiang increased from 5,323,300 to 7,857,400, showing a slow growth trend as a whole, accounting for 31.6% of the total population of the autonomous region (see Table 1). According to the data, it is not difficult to find that the population of Uighurs in Xinjiang has always been higher than that of Han people in Xinjiang, so the so-called "genocide" and "suppression of ethnic minorities" do not exist. Table 1 shows our data from 1982— The structural map of the Uygur and Han populations in Xinjiang in 2018. Through this structural map, we can clearly find that the population changes in Xinjiang are quite normal and there is no so-called "genocide".
Demography is a discipline that studies the phenomenon of population growth or contraction. There are many reasons that affect the population of a region, including social and economic development, medical and health level, education level and other factors. Therefore, the fertility level of women depends not only on the degree of social and economic development, medical and health level, but also on the education level of women of childbearing age and the implementation of family planning policies. In the report, Zheng Guoen blamed the decline of the Uygur fertility rate in Xinjiang on the government’s population control, in an attempt to prove that the decline of the Uighur population was caused by the so-called "administrative intervention". This study, which unilaterally links the population changes in a single region with the so-called "government intervention" and "genocide", is completely confusing.
Fourth, the case of malicious interpretation
It is not the first time that the samples and selected cases analyzed in the report have appeared in Zheng Guoen’s independent report. In order to prove that the declining trend of the Uighur population structure is the result of the so-called "government intervention", Zheng Guoen used almost the same group of people to continuously ferment and cook, and repeatedly reached the same conclusion to frame China and simply and rudely fabricate lies.
The report quoted Washington post’s article "She survived a Chinese detention camp and came to Virginia" on November 7, 2019. Will America let her stay? It is claimed that Zaomuge Dawuti was "forced to be sent to the education and training center and forced to be ligated". In this regard, on October 13, 2019, the brother of Zaomure Dawuti, Abdul Heili Dawuti, released a rumor video on his own initiative, telling the public that "this is a complete lie" and said in the video, "Zaomure Dawuti has never been to a training center and has never been forcibly ligated. Speak the truth, and don’t use my sister Zaomure Dawuti to fabricate lies and bother us. Therefore, the report that Zaomuge Dawuti was "forced to be sent to the education and training center and forced to be ligated" is completely false and malicious.
The report also quoted the Associated Press news "Women Describe Torture and Beating in China Detention Camp" in 2018, saying that a Uighur woman named Miriguli Tulson told her personal "personal experience" and said that "during her detention, she was injected with unknown drugs and injections, which led to irregular bleeding and menstrual disappearance". At the same time, the report also quoted the article "Xinjiang: A Comparison between China and Former Detainees" in Nikkei Asian Review in 2019, saying that "American doctors confirmed that the Uighur woman had been sterilized". However, through investigation, it was found that Miriguli and her three children left China in succession from 2016 to 2018 and never came back. Miriguli herself has never been detained by Urumqi police, nor has she been in a training center, and her "experience in prison" does not know where it came from. Therefore, the report about Miriguli’s claim that she was "injected with unknown drugs and injections during her detention, resulting in irregular bleeding and menstrual disappearance" and "Miriguli has been sterilized" is totally untrue and a lie with ulterior motives.
From the perspective of sociological research methods, sociological research is a scientific cognitive activity to understand, explain, explain or predict certain social phenomena by using the unique research methods of sociology based on sociological theory. This cognitive process needs to follow scientific methods, procedures and steps. Therefore, sociological research methods usually require sociologists to go deep into social life and conduct some investigations and studies. In this way, we can get a correct understanding of society and put forward valuable suggestions for social development. As a sociologist, most of the so-called "first-hand information" collected by Zheng Guoen comes from his imagination and fabrication, and he speculates on the family planning situation in Xinjiang only by formatting false reports, and imposes a causal relationship between the results of this speculation and the imaginary situation of "forced sterilization" and "genocide" in Xinjiang. Zheng Guoen’s research thinking based on untrue speculation and groundless speculation objectively reflects that his sociological research method is not what he advertised at all, but is contrary to academic norms and academic ethics, so his research is also extremely unscientific and untrue.
V distorting China’s family planning policy.
The report has distorted China’s family planning policy, ignoring the background and implementation content of China’s family planning policy. One-sidedly linked China’s past family planning policy with his imaginary "genocide" policy.
In September 1982, the Twelfth National Congress of the Communist Party of China determined that "family planning is a basic national policy of China." The Constitution of People’s Republic of China (PRC) adopted at the Fifth Session of the Fifth National People’s Congress in December of the same year clearly stipulates that "the state promotes family planning" and "both husband and wife have the obligation to implement family planning". The implementation of China’s family planning policy has gone through an orderly development process, from the mainland to the frontier, from the city to the countryside, from the Han nationality to the ethnic minorities. In fact, the family planning policy has long been more favorable to ethnic minorities, including Uighurs. The implementation of family planning in China is to safeguard the Chinese nation’s right to subsistence and development, and it is in line with the long-term interests of the country and all the people. The main reason why China implemented the family planning policy was that the country was in the initial stage of economic and social development, with a low level of economic development, a large population, little arable land, a weak foundation, relatively insufficient per capita resources and relatively backward culture. Under the current situation of national development at that time, if the population grows too much and too fast, there will be obvious contradictions with economic and social development, resource utilization and environmental protection, which will cause great difficulties to the broad masses of people, including women, in employment, education, housing, transportation and medical care. In China, the implementation of family planning is consistent with the fundamental interests of women, because without economic and social development, the living standards of all citizens, including women, cannot be improved.
With the development of the times and the continuous improvement of social and economic level, the family planning policy has undergone important changes. At present, China implements the policy that a couple can have two children. In Xinjiang, a couple of urban residents can have two children and a couple of rural residents can have three children. Therefore, Zheng Guoen’s so-called policy of "compulsory birth control" and "genocide" in Xinjiang is entirely his imagination.
The "independent report" like Zheng Guoen is actually a new trend, trend and tool of international public opinion on human rights in Xinjiang. It is a means for western anti-China forces to interfere in China’s internal affairs to make false statements in the name of so-called experts.
