标签归档 上海后花园2021

With the concept of consumption and the constant pursuit of quality of life, today’s young people’s requirements for vehicles are no longer limited to daily commuting. For them, an SUV that can not only meet daily commuting, but also has excellent intelligent driving experience and certain off-road ability is undoubtedly the most tempting choice.

In terms of bringing forth the old and bringing forth the new in diversified products, China automobile enterprises headed by China Haval have taken the lead compared with traditional joint venture brands. Take the popular car model that is very hot recently as an example. This car has positioned its products as a new traveling companion for young people, and innovatively put forward a new category scale of "3/4 scale car", which quickly became a well-deserved traffic star once it came out. Many people may wonder, compared with Toyota RAV4, a traditional joint venture SUV, do they really have the strength and joint venture in terms of product strength and process details?

Recently, in the original disassembly program "Big Bang" by the professional automobile media, we launched a frontal confrontation with Toyota RVA4. Through the complete disassembly of the vehicle, we can intuitively understand the great progress made by the domestic brands that we thought represented in recent years, and gradually gain the leading edge over the joint venture products at the same level. Among the columns, the models participating in the comparison are the Garden Dog version with a guide price of 155,900 yuan and the Toyota CVT two-wheel drive urban version with a guide price of 175,800 yuan.

After the conventional monitoring of body structure, paint thickness and scratch resistance of paint, the two cars entered the stage of disassembly and comparison. In the front part, after the front bumper is removed, a concave high-strength steel collision beam is adopted, while Toyota adopts an aluminum alloy collision beam. However, in terms of structure, Toyota’s anti-collision beam is directly installed on the longitudinal beam of the car body without the design of energy-absorbing box. Once a collision occurs, it is easy to expand, which will affect the protection effect to a certain extent.

As for the manufacturing process of the car door, Toyota’s car door adopts a two-stage welding manufacturing process, which is not only exquisite in terms of aesthetics, but also inferior in structural strength.

It is worth mentioning that the shaking of the window glass reflected by Toyota users has also been solved in this disassembly. Rongfang’s window glass uses a single guide rail elevator, and because there is only one fixed point, the window will inevitably shake to a certain extent. However, a more secure layout of double guide rail window elevator is adopted.

After further disassembly, the gap between the two cars in materials is more intuitive. For example, in the selection of sound insulation cotton in the car, the doors, the roof and the bottom of the car are all made of white fiber cotton, which is more environmentally friendly and reliable. Rongfang not only has no sound insulation cotton in the door, but also the sound insulation cotton used in other parts of the car is low-cost recycled cotton. As we all know, the sound insulation effect of recycled cotton is not as good as that of fiber cotton, but also much higher in the volatilization of harmful gases, which is extremely unfriendly to the members in the car.

In addition, in the comparison of the central control panel in the car, the 8-inch central control multimedia screen is not only 12.3 inches smaller in size. In terms of the type of central control screen, Rongfang is still a relatively old non-full-fit screen, which not only has poor visual effects, but also has poor display and touch effects. The full-fit screen is not only more sensitive to touch feedback, but also more transparent and delicate in color display and resolution.

In the subsequent comparison of body cutting and disassembly, because the two models have been tested for too long and wading, and soaked in water in the compartment, after the frame was cut, the internal structure of the B-pillar of the vehicle honored by the program group was corroded in a large area. In fact, the previous soaking test only involved the bottom of the vehicle, not the B-pillar part of the vehicle. In this regard, the analysis of the program group said that it may be because of the high concentration of water vapor remaining in the car after the water was flooded during the long test, which will lead to the corrosion of some parts of the car body that have not been rusted.

However, in fact, the white body of the vehicle should usually undergo electrophoresis, and even in a highly humid environment, there should be no large-scale corrosion. Obviously, the electrophoresis process of this disassembled Rongfang may have some problems. However, the irreversible corrosion of key structural parts such as B-pillar will affect the structural strength of the car body for a long time, and then affect the safety.

In addition to the episode of car body corrosion, compared with the glory of 2.0L two-wheel drive, the car scene is more diverse. The 2.0T engine can output the maximum power of 211 horsepower, and it is also equipped with the fifth-generation intelligent four-wheel drive system of Borgwarner and the professional off-road configuration of central electronic control differential lock and rear axle electronic control mechanical jaw differential lock.

The materials are kind, the power is strong, and it has excellent off-road configuration while taking into account the comfort of urban SUVs. It is self-evident that the two models are superior and inferior in this comparison, which is obviously more popular with young users who are more pursuing quality and life-oriented.

Recently, Lectra Motor announced the price adjustment of its 08 EM-P four-wheel drive performance model, and added a series of options. With its excellent performance and fashionable design, this model has attracted the attention of many consumers once it came out. This paper will introduce the parameters, price and new accessories of the LECK 08 EM-P four-wheel drive performance version in detail to help you understand this model more deeply.

Lectra 08 EM-P four-wheel drive performance edition is a model with excellent power and performance. The length, width and height of the car are 4744/1914/1656mm, and the wheelbase is 2848 mm. With 21-inch rims, the car looks more fashionable and dynamic. In addition, the model also uses Michelin tires with the size of 255/40 ZR21, which ensures excellent handling and comfort.

In terms of price, the price of Lectra 08 EM-P four-wheel drive performance version has been adjusted. The original price of the model was 359,900 yuan, and now it is reduced to 329,900 yuan, a straight drop of 30,000 yuan. At the same time, there is no extra charge for the new options, and consumers can freely match them according to their own needs, which undoubtedly increases the cost performance of this model.

In order to let you know more about the newly added accessories of the LECK 08 EM-P four-wheel drive performance edition, we will introduce them in detail from three aspects: color, material and function.

First of all, in terms of color, the model has added three optional body colors: pearlescent white, graphite gray and phantom blue. These fashionable colors give consumers more choices and can customize their own cars according to their own preferences.

Secondly, in terms of materials, the Lectra 08 EM-P four-wheel drive performance edition has added a variety of interior styles and materials for consumers to choose from. Seat fabrics can be mixed with leather and suede, and at the same time, you can choose a contrast color design to show a more sporty style. In addition, the center console and door panels also provide a variety of materials for consumers to choose from, making your car more personalized.

Finally, in terms of functions, the Lectra 08 EM-P four-wheel drive performance edition has added a series of technology configurations. Consumers can choose to carry L2+ intelligent driving assistance system, including full-speed adaptive cruise, lane departure warning, lane keeping and other functions, which makes driving more convenient and safe. In addition, the model also provides a number of practical configurations such as wireless charging of mobile phones and heating of front seats for consumers to choose from.

Generally speaking, the price adjustment of the LECK 08 EM-P four-wheel drive performance version and the addition of new accessories undoubtedly increase the cost performance of this model. The choice of more colors, materials and functions not only allows consumers to customize their cars according to their own preferences, but also shows the deep understanding and positive response of Lexus to consumer needs. These changes make the LEEK 08 EM-P four-wheel drive performance version more competitive in the market, which is believed to attract more consumers’ attention and love.

Today, Heartfelt Community published an article "The Past of Huawei’s Mobile Phone Operating System" yesterday, in which Wang Chenglu, President of CBG Software Department, described the mental journey of making software a Huawei mobile phone, especially the "Huawei Ark Compiler" they just released.

Simply put, a compiler is software that converts a high-level language used for program development into machine instructions, which can be understood as a bridge between software and hardware. The Ark Compiler will solve the problem that the existing bridge of Android is not smooth, and it is a real deep optimization and innovation of Android, which can be said to inject new vitality into the Android industry.

In Wang Chenglu’s view, from the feedback of the market and users, more and more consumers recognize that Huawei mobile phones are still smooth after long-term use, and there are fewer and fewer complaints about the poor experience of playing games with Huawei mobile phones. This is not only due to the rapid improvement of Huawei’s mobile phone chip and hardware capabilities, but also inseparable from the deep optimization and technological innovation of the software stack.

Wang Chenglu believes that consumer-oriented software is very different. The popular smartphone operating system finally left only iOS and Android. Unlike the closed iOS, which frames everything to ensure the experience, Android is an open source in the AOSP community led by Google, but the native Android is actually a Design Reference. There is no detailed and unified standard to follow in terms of how to choose and expand each function and how to interact with a large number of third-party APPs. All mobile phone manufacturers make a lot of adaptations and optimization modifications according to their own hardware platforms, product positioning and target user groups, and the ecological fragmentation is serious. Everything can only be based on the consumer experience.

After a lot of investigations and interviews, the team quickly found that the most criticized by Android users is the card after long-term use, which is also the first obstacle affecting the consumer experience.

In 2019, with the extension of the replacement cycle and the slowdown of the growth rate, the mobile phone industry has entered a state of saturated competition. On the basis that the hardware has been extremely competitive and gradually opened up its competitors, Huawei software has begun to continue to exert its strength. Wang Chenglu emphasized that only by always focusing on the user experience, consolidating the underlying core capabilities, constantly improving the software engineering capabilities, and building an open ecology can we achieve sustained business leadership.

On April 11th, Yu Chengdong, president of CBG, released P30 series mobile phones in Shanghai. After the press conference, a new term that sounds a bit obscure — — "Ark Compiler" quickly boarded the hot search list of the community, which triggered great concern and extensive discussion among IT practitioners, digital bloggers, senior code farmers and even ordinary consumers. "What is a compiler?" "What is the difference between Huawei Ark Compiler and Android native AOT/JIT(Ahead of Time/Just in Time)?" "What does the Ark compiler mean to the Android ecosystem?" And so on, netizens are very happy to discuss various issues of different shades, and many comments on the posts are brilliant. It must be said that the master is in the folk.

One of the netizens’ comments is very representative: "Yesterday’s Huawei conference surprised me that in this era, a domestic consumer electronics company will introduce the compiler as a highlight. Huawei’s continuous high investment in basic research and development, coupled with the fact that the market share of mobile terminals is the first in the world, makes ‘ Self-built ecology ’ The dream is possible for a China company for the first time. "

Compiler is the software that converts the high-level language used for program development into machine instructions, which can be understood as a bridge between software and hardware. What value will the Ark compiler bring? To put it simply, it is to solve the problem that the existing bridge of Android is not smooth, and it is a real deep optimization and innovation of Android, which can be said to inject new vitality into the Android industry.

This is just the latest achievement of a series of software innovations of Huawei. Today, from the feedback of the market and users, more and more consumers recognize that Huawei mobile phones are still smooth after long-term use, and there are fewer and fewer complaints about the poor experience of playing games with Huawei mobile phones. This is not only due to the rapid improvement of Huawei’s mobile phone chip and hardware capabilities, but also inseparable from the deep optimization and technological innovation of the software stack.

We are well aware that any technical optimization and innovation exploration of software and hardware must aim at the user experience. How does Huawei’s mobile phone operating system EMUI, which serves nearly 500 million online users, continuously innovate and introduce hard-core technology around the user experience?

The story has to start from a few years ago.

Three years ago, I was in charge of the central software institute of the laboratory in 2012. In July, a phone call from General Manager Yu gave me the opportunity to come to CBG to be responsible for the research and development of terminal software. The mood at that time was both excited and uneasy. The excitement is that I have been engaged in work closely related to software since I joined the company. In my mind, to complete large-scale industrialized software research and development is tantamount to designing and building a magnificent palace with 0 and 1 in the virtual world as building materials. How to make our construction achievements and processes reach world-class and bring value to our users and partners has always been my pursuit and dream.

The uneasiness also followed. Although they are all software research and development, the smartphone operating system is a brand-new field for me. First of all, the degree of standardization is very different. Telecom equipment software has very complete industry standards, such as ITU, 3GPP, IETF, etc., which actually standardize the network architecture and network element architecture. What R&D needs to do is to comply with certain development process specifications, such as IPD (Integrated Product Development), and reasonable project management to achieve the corresponding delivery goals. At the same time, the demand for telecom equipment and software is relatively clear and convergent, and the demand of hundreds of operators around the world is almost the same. Moreover, the main body of daily maintenance of the equipment is the operation and maintenance personnel with professional training and considerable technical level, who can feed back various problems in the use of the equipment relatively clearly and accurately.

Consumer-oriented software is quite different. The popular smartphone operating system finally left only iOS and Android. Unlike the closed iOS, which frames everything to ensure the experience, Android is an open source in the AOSP community led by Google, but the native Android is actually a Design Reference. There is no detailed and unified standard to follow in terms of how to choose and expand each function and how to interact with a large number of third-party APPs. All mobile phone manufacturers make a lot of adaptations and optimization modifications according to their own hardware platforms, product positioning and target user groups, and the ecological fragmentation is serious. Everything can only be based on the consumer experience.

What can we do to achieve the best user experience in the open environment of Android? When iOS has established a solid leading image through years of accumulation, how to make EMUI recognized by more and more consumers is the biggest challenge for me and the whole software team.

We decided to take "the best user experience" as the goal pursued by the terminal software. The first problem to be solved is, what affects the user experience the most? After a large number of investigations and interviews, the team quickly found that the most criticized by Android users is Caton after long-term use, which is also the first obstacle affecting the consumer experience.

A colleague who loves electronic products told me about his experience in using smart phones. After Android phones entered the era of big screen, in 2013, he bought the best Android phones S and H at that time, using top-level configuration, but after using them for more than a year, even if he didn’t do anything every night, he would consume more than ten percent of electricity; What he can’t stand even more is that it is almost commonplace to get stuck and crash, and it is necessary to constantly restart and clean up the memory before he can barely use it. In his words, it’s not that I’m using my mobile phone, but that it’s using me.

Why even with high hardware configuration, even the best Android phone at that time will face more stability and fluency problems? What factors caused the jam and crash after long-term use? We decided to "chew" Caton, the biggest hard bone. The EMUI team set up a special "special warfare team" to focus on tackling key problems. The special warfare team analyzed more than 400 mobile phones with dozens of models under Android system in detail. After repeated problem reappearance and full-stack analysis of software and hardware, the following four main reasons were found:

The loose management of Android system, the lack of rules in the use of resources by applications, is like building many roads without traffic rules, which eventually leads to congestion and chaos;

The hardware resources of the system are lack of coordination, so it is not possible to solve the problem only by increasing RAM resources, but to schedule and use resources more effectively.

The cumulative effect of storage fragmentation, with the increase of use time, storage fragmentation is becoming more and more serious, the speed of data reading and writing is obviously reduced, and the system jam is frequent and aggravated;

APP is expanding seriously, especially the function of head application keeps accumulating, which leads to the sharp increase of data generated, which seriously grabs system resources and drags down the running speed of the system.

These problems are almost related to the whole stack from chips to software. It is impossible to really solve the problem if we just respond passively. Only by comprehensive and systematic analysis can we come up with a comprehensive and thorough solution. However, the Android system itself is extremely huge, with hundreds of millions of lines of code. The challenge of "operating" on such a huge system can be imagined. Will it lead to other compatibility problems while optimizing? Is there enough ability to achieve the predetermined goal?

However, barely flying with a faulty engine will only lead to a bigger accident. It’s better to take a chance than to flinch. Through a lot of careful analysis and judgment, we are determined to burn our bridges — — Fuck! Finally, after repeated diagnosis and discussion by experts, five "prescriptions" were put forward to solve the above problems one by one.

To put it simply, artificial intelligence is the core, which analyzes the intelligence of the application side and judges the resource demand characteristics of the application (calculation-intensive, RAM-intensive, IO-intensive, etc.); On the hardware resource side, we can perceive the state of CPU, memory, IO(Input/Output), storage and other resources, realize the best matching between application requirements and hardware resources through AI algorithm, and timely and reasonably sort out and recycle idle resources, so as to solve the above-mentioned problems of hardware resource coordination and excessive expansion of APP occupied space.

For the problem of storage fragmentation, we have adopted a more radical scheme — — Replaced the Android native file system.

Android has been directly built on Linux since its birth, and its file system did not consider the rapid arrangement of fragmented files at first. For a long time, Android phones have inherited the file system from Linux, which is not friendly to Flash storage on smart phones and is also the main reason for fragmentation. We decided to replace the native file system with the F2FS(Flash Friendly File System) file system, not only because F2FS is tailor-made for Flash, but also because it can greatly avoid file fragmentation in mobile phones.

F2FS is original and open source by Youshang S Company. However, S company itself did not take the lead in using it. Because the file system determines the storage and access methods of all files on the storage, such as organ transplantation, the complexity and risk of replacing the file system are enormous.

Although we have carefully verified it in the laboratory for more than half a year, the high complexity and high risk of replacing the file system are still the biggest concerns in decision-making. After repeated analysis, the software management team and the technical team finally made a decisive decision and signed a military order with CBG, promising to "deal with it by military law" if it failed or went wrong.

Thanks to the team’s courageous and cautious execution, the F2FS file system was finally replaced successfully, which became the most important part of the whole scheme to solve the stubborn disease of Caton.

In 2016, along with the EMUI5.0 released by Mate 9 series, we took an easy-to-understand name for this solution to Android jams, which was called "born fast and life fast", and promised consumers that they would not be stuck for 18 months. This seemingly "bragging" promise at that time has become a reality today. Judging from the market reaction and consumer feedback, in the Android camp, Huawei mobile phones took the lead in getting rid of the "Caton" hat.

In 2018, Google absorbed F2FS into the native version of Android, which benefited all Android manufacturers and made a valuable contribution to the Android ecosystem. So far, Google’s self-developed mobile phone Pixel 3 also uses the F2FS file system.

Based on rational technical judgment and decisive decision, we are one step ahead of all Android manufacturers. What’s more commendable is that in order to achieve safe replacement, our team was forced to carefully analyze the bottom of the native system without retreat, and practiced while fighting, which allowed our team to accumulate very valuable experience and taste the sweetness of deeply optimizing Android. In the first exam, the software team and I initially gained the trust of the CBG management team and had a good starting point.

In the process of solving the stubborn disease of Caton, we found that the looseness of Android ecosystem is a challenge, which cannot be solved by technology, but it is closely related to the user experience.

Compared with iOS’s strict control over ecology, Android ecology mainly relies on players’ self-discipline. For an inappropriate analogy, the Android native system is like a highway repaired by Google. Google imagines that the road is naturally a motor vehicle that abides by traffic rules, but the actual situation is that not only motor vehicles are on the road, but all kinds of ox carts, carriages, tricycles and pedestrians are coming, and there is no traffic police (priority dispatching system) to manage it, so congestion becomes the norm.

This situation is particularly serious in China. The technology continuously invested by mobile phone manufacturers only makes the end-side operating environment more and more efficient and tidy. However, the mixed application market has a great impact on the user experience. Android phone manufacturers not only have their own application market, but also have a wide variety of third-party application markets. In addition, they can download and install Apps through browser links, as well as various Trojan apps and malicious software, which guide each other to install, disguise the background, and apply for mobile phone system resources without restrictions. The problem brought about is that the use of Android system resources by apps is extremely irregular and even malicious.

As a result, the user experience is constantly damaged. Huawei is faced with a choice: follow the crowd, or take the lead in raising the banner, unite with heavyweight eco-players, gradually standardize and purify the Android ecosystem, and return the quality experience to consumers? It is not enough to rely on the continuous technical investment and optimization of mobile phone manufacturers themselves. It is a necessary step for Huawei’s terminal software to move towards the "deep water area" of ecological coordination.

After a lot of preliminary communication and discussion, on November 14th, 2016, at the Mate 9 series conference in Shanghai, Huawei jointly launched the Android Green Alliance with Alibaba, Baidu, Tencent and Netease. As an open non-profit organization, we hope to jointly build a green application environment for Android in China, create a safe, reliable, credible and healthy application ecosystem, and bring the ultimate application experience to consumers.

After the establishment of the Android Green Alliance, the experience and wisdom of the sponsors were concentrated, and the 1.0 and 2.0 versions of the Android Green Alliance Application Experience Standard were successively launched, covering the compatibility, stability, security, power consumption and performance standards of application installation and operation. At the same time, it has developed more than 1,000 member companies, covering 80% of mainstream applications.

On the Android Green Alliance platform, Huawei has provided more than 3,000 test machines, which are open to all Android application developers free of charge. As long as you log in remotely, you can apply for the corresponding test resources and perform tests. At the same time, Huawei shared the changes of the latest version of Android to domestic developers in time, which greatly improved the adaptation efficiency of Android applications in the new version.

Mark the applications that have passed the "Android Green Application Experience Standard" as "Green Application", so that consumers can understand the application quality at a glance when downloading the application and can use it with peace of mind. Through more than two years of cooperation, Lvmeng has helped more than 200,000 developers to conduct free testing and traction of Top 3000 Android applications, reducing high power consumption and abuse of rights. Consumers, application developers, Internet vendors and mobile phone manufacturers all benefit from this. Participants in the entire Android ecosystem are willing to share experiences and innovate together on this platform. In 2018, four innovation working groups were established, namely, AI open ecological cooperation, AI security design scheme, AR and game acceleration.

We will continue to develop the Android Green Alliance with our partners, hoping that it can become a bright light for the whole industry, survive the fittest and bring the ultimate application experience to all Android users.

In June 2018, Mr. Yu released the "scary technology" GPU Turbo in Beijing, which not only caused other manufacturers to follow the trend of "scary" and "Turbo", but also caused a big discussion about the technology behind it in some major science and technology forums.

The rapid development of the game industry on mobile phones is beyond many people’s expectations, and almost half of the users are mobile game users. As early as 2016, domestic mobile games have occupied half of the game market, and the popularity of "hardcore" games, such as the glory of the king and Eat Chicken, has pushed the requirements of games for the graphics processing ability of mobile phones to an unprecedented height. However, due to the limitation of ARM Mali GPU, Huawei mobile phone users’ complaints about the game experience have increased sharply in the PK of GPUs with other top friends.

Can the experience of mobile games only rely on the processing power of GPU, or be similar to some so-called game phone stacking? Can it be optimized by soft and hard cooperation like the performance of the whole machine? These problems have entered our field of vision. Just do it, and the related work will start immediately.

In February 2017, we launched a research on the graphics processing performance of mobile phones. Although the newly joined overseas graphics processing experts have given valuable ideas, the whole process of tackling the problem is not a Ma Pingchuan. It has gone through countless attempts, approaches and reinventions. "If you win, you will raise a glass to celebrate, and if you lose, you will be desperate to save each other." Experts from the United States, Finland, Russia, Shenzhen, Hangzhou, Nanjing and Shanghai, regardless of their departments, worked day and night, and finally achieved the expected goal.

When we finally said that GPU Turbo can improve game performance and reduce power consumption at the same time, the industry began to question it, and everyone felt that this logic was contrary to common sense. However, we have sufficient confidence, from GPU Pipeline (processing queue) and CPU/GPU joint scheduling, to the detailed interpretation and careful adjustment of the instructions of OPEN GL (open graphics library), to the reconstruction of graphics processing engine and the cleaning of application load, and the complete full-stack analysis and solutions, so that we have enough technical confidence and dare to disclose our goals and commitments.

On June 6 th, at the press conference, the famous technology platform broadcasted the same game match between Glory Play equipped with GPU Turbo and other friendly mobile phones. In terms of hard indicators such as frame rate, jitter rate, frame drop and power consumption, glory Play wins! More than an hour of real-time battle, let the industry see the strength of GPU Turbo. After the launch of GPU Turbo, the response exceeded expectations, and various spontaneous evaluations by third parties also confirmed that Huawei mobile phones have stabilized the first camp of game performance.

Behind any success is hard work and sweat. All the R&D brothers who participated in the GPU Turbo project can’t remember how many sleepless nights they have experienced. And we always remember that devoting ourselves to technology and focusing on improving the user experience is the king of continuously changing the user’s concept and enhancing the brand and reputation.

At the beginning of July 2018, the afterheat of the listing of GPU Turbo has not dissipated, and suddenly a user complaint caught the attention of the maintenance and marketing team. A considerable number of users have upgraded GPU Turbo, and with the update of a popular game, many scenes have appeared. Because it involves Huawei and game makers, who is it, and whether there is any story in the middle, it quickly became the content of media speculation, and all kinds of statements came one after another.

Although there are many voices, for us, the user experience is the most important. Only two days later, the EMUI team quickly launched a patch package of about 2MB, which quickly solved the problem. Our quick response ability has won almost unanimous praise from consumers.

This rapid patch upgrade capability is unique to Huawei in the terminal field, and other Android manufacturers do not have it. Behind this is the software engineering capability that the EMUI team has been building for several years: three hard-core capabilities: code common trunk, full-stack architecture decoupling and version automatic generation.

If a worker wants to do a good job, he must sharpen his tools first, and software engineering ability is the "tool" of software research and development. Strong software engineering ability is an important part of software research and development, and it is also a hard-core technology of software research and development.

More than three years ago, EMUI had different backbones based on Hess Kirin, Qualcomm and MTK chips. The backbone is only a physical code warehouse, and the quality is basically not guaranteed. Each product version is a branch pulled from the trunk, and the relevant features are manually selected by product managers and development representatives, which is extremely inefficient and the quality cannot be guaranteed. It seems to be "efficient" from the perspective of a single product, but it is almost difficult to achieve the consistency of functional characteristics and the inheritability of quality of each product. No stock model can upgrade the new version of the whole network. This makes the whole software team have a heavy workload, but it is inefficient and has no inheritance, which makes the team exhausted and unable to cope with the upcoming massive delivery.

Since the project of EMUI5.0 version 5.0 was established, the delivery has adopted a full solution operation mode, which integrates user interaction, OS (operating system), Hisilicon, communication protocol and Android native modules into unified planning, homologous design, homologous development and homologous testing. Solution dependencies are well identified and managed, and plans are aligned. At the same time, we set the target of sharing the backbone of HiSilicon Kirin and Qualcomm (MTK platform will be merged into the backbone in 2018, and at this point, one backbone of Huawei EMUI is compatible with three major hardware platforms). The code merging into the backbone is strictly controlled and the quality is given priority, which ensures the code quality of the backbone.

There is no need to pull branches for each product, and the version can be published directly according to the corresponding product at the release point. The backbone version can achieve a full round of automatic testing every week, with better quality and more efficient delivery, and this ability can be continuously passed down. Although the realization of the common trunk has caused a lot of "torture" to the product line and the software R&D team, today’s gains make all the pain worthwhile.

Architecture is the skeleton of software, the foundation and unified language for software teams to work together. Based on Android native system, EMUI has a total code line of over 100 million, which is almost twice that of wireless product line. Such a large-scale code needs to be upgraded in a big version every year, and the amount of changes and additions of Android native code exceeds tens of millions of lines every year. The ambiguity and coupling of architecture make the development of new functions, the modification and change of existing functions, and even the repair of bugs extremely painful, and the flesh and blood skeleton is a mess, which affects the whole body. In fact, such a system has been difficult to maintain and develop continuously. The choice and decoupling of architecture has become a necessity.

I am especially grateful to Yu Zong and He Gang, president of the mobile phone product line, for their support and trust. At that time, when human resources were limited, I was allowed to take out 40% of my manpower to start the architecture decoupling and reconstruction of the entire EMUI stack. The Architecture Department took on this historical mission, and Hu Zheng, an 8-level expert in software, started the architecture decoupling work for more than three years. After many discussions and fierce debates, this work finally lasted for the past few years and made great contributions to the delivery efficiency and quality of EMUI today.

A clear and decoupleable architecture is the unified work foundation within the software team and the common language for our cooperation with the industry, which makes it possible for us to "draw out" the corresponding Android components. This is also the basis for EMUI to quickly replace file system, intelligent scheduling system and realize full-stack patch in the past few years. The new version of Google is also absorbing our excellent practices. We are at the forefront of the industry in the ability of system-wide decoupling.

Finally, the automatic generation ability of the version. The requirements of mobile phone versions are complex, including open channels, operator channels and other different versions. Plus a combination of high, medium and low-grade machines, there are tens of thousands of versions released every year. Version management and publishing are extremely complicated. CCM (Automatic Version Compilation and Configuration Platform) developed by CBG software team has made great contributions to solving this problem. Open market, operator market, different countries, without configuration, etc. are all abstracted as configurable parameters, and the total number of participants is several thousand. When a version needs to be published, according to the demand of the target market, after selecting and modifying the corresponding configuration, one-click configuration distribution can generate the corresponding version. The whole process is efficient and of high quality. Since this system went online, we have saved 200+ software configuration manpower, and it has been running smoothly with zero errors.

At present, the daily users of EMUI are close to 500 million. With the release of each new version, in addition to supporting the launch of new machines, more and more models can be upgraded at the same time, which has directly benefited consumers, and we have gained more and more support and recognition from consumers.

In recent years, in the field of software development, internetization and DevOps are very hot topics. I want to talk about some experiences in the practice of EMUI software development. The full stack of EMUI includes APPs, middleware and OS. If R&D personnel are all required to be young, and IPD must be abandoned and the iterative method of the Internet is adopted, this practice is not reasonable, and it is easy to mislead the team and leaders about EMUI software R&D..

It will be a disaster to unilaterally carry out rejuvenation and iterative development before software engineering capabilities such as common backbone and architecture decoupling are available. It is right that upper-level APPs need young people and fast iteration, but middleware and OS need experience first and innovation second. Without years of experience, it is impossible to do the underlying software well. Without a good bottom layer, the application experience of the upper layer will not be much better.

Today, when the EMUI architecture is completely decoupled, APPs has developed independently from the EMUI platform, and the idea of architecture decoupling has also been implemented in the development and implementation of APPs, realizing independent planning, development and delivery on the shelves, as well as rapid iteration of the full-featured team, which is very close to the Internet development model. The basic platform of EMUI is still based on IPD process, which is developed and accumulated in a down-to-earth manner as planned to achieve the best quality. It is misleading to think that talking about IPD without talking about DevOps is a representative of backwardness. IPD and DevOps are actually tools. The key is to accurately grasp the business demands and choose the most suitable mode and tool according to the business characteristics.

In 2019, with the extension of the replacement cycle and the slowdown of the growth rate, the mobile phone industry has entered a state of saturated competition. On the basis that the hardware has been extremely competitive and gradually got rid of its competitors, Huawei software has begun to exert its strength continuously, and the close cooperation between software and hardware will make the competitiveness of Huawei terminals continue. We have reason to look forward to the future of Huawei terminals!

Always focus on the user experience, consolidate the underlying core capabilities, continuously improve the software engineering capabilities, and build an open ecology. We are confident that EMUI will become the hard power of Huawei mobile phones. The road to user experience improvement and innovation is endless.

　　As the first stock index in the A-share market, the Shanghai Composite Index will be greatly optimized on July 22nd. The revised preparation plan will exclude risk warning stocks, extend the time for new shares to be included, and include them in science and technology innovation board listed securities.

　　Perfecting the index compilation scheme is the common practice of the international mainstream index. This revision of the Shanghai Composite Index fully draws lessons from the experience of international index revision, based on the actual development of the domestic market, eliminating risk warning stocks, extending the time for new shares to be included in the index, and including science and technology innovation board listed securities, which is conducive to the Shanghai Composite Index reflecting the overall performance of listed companies in Shanghai more objectively and truly.

　　Specifically, if the index sample is subject to risk warning, it will be excluded from the index sample from the next trading day on the second Friday of the month after the risk warning measures are implemented. Securities whose risk warning measures have been revoked shall be included in the index from the next trading day on the second Friday of the month after the risk warning measures have been revoked. The newly listed securities with the daily average total market value ranking in the top 10 in Shanghai Stock Exchange will be included in the index after three months of listing, and other newly listed securities will be included in the index after one year of listing. Depositary Receipts issued by red-chip enterprises listed on the Shanghai Stock Exchange and science and technology innovation board listed securities will be included in the Shanghai Composite Index according to the revised compilation plan.

　　It is necessary to revise the Shanghai Composite Index. A spokesperson for the Shanghai Stock Exchange said that the Shanghai Composite Index was released in 1991 and is the first stock index in the A-share market. The core compilation method is still in use today. In recent years, there have been many calls from all walks of life for the revision of the compilation scheme of the Shanghai Composite Index, and opinions such as "distortion of the Shanghai Composite Index" and "failure to fully reflect changes in the market structure" have frequently appeared. During the two sessions of the National People’s Congress this year, market professionals, including deputies, once again proposed to improve the compilation method of the Shanghai Composite Index.

　　According to Zhang Qiang, CEO of Huiyan Huiyu Asset Management Company, the Shanghai Composite Index has been running for nearly 30 years since its release. With the increasing number of listed companies, the original index compilation method makes the index more and more distorted, making it difficult to express the correlation between the capital market and the macro economy. The setting of the index is to better reflect the changes in the financial market environment, and the more it can reflect the market situation, the greater the significance to investors; Only by symbolizing the market can we better serve the financial market. In order to enhance the symbolic significance of the index to the market and better serve investors, it is imperative to revise the Shanghai Composite Index.

　　It is worth noting that this revision of the Shanghai Composite Index excludes stocks with risk warnings (ST, *ST), which will not affect the positioning of the composite index.

　　China’s capital market has established a risk warning system, and the stocks that are subject to risk warning have high risks, great uncertainty in fundamentals, and the investment value is affected, which is difficult to represent the mainstream situation of listed companies. Excluding the stocks with risk warning will help the Shanghai Composite Index to better play its investment function and better reflect the overall performance of listed companies in Shanghai.

　　"The sample range of many major international composite indexes only includes the vast majority of stocks in the market. For example, the Nasdaq composite index excludes the stocks in the Nasdaq market as the second listing place, and the STOXX European Total Market Index and Hang Seng Composite Index only cover stocks with a market value of 95%. By the end of May, the sample of Shanghai Composite Index included 85 stocks with risk warning, with a total weight of 0.6%. Therefore, eliminating the stocks that are subject to risk warning will not affect their comprehensive index positioning. " The Shanghai Stock Exchange said.

　　In addition, it is increasingly necessary to include science and technology innovation board securities in the sample space of Shanghai Composite Index.

　　Generally speaking, the securities listed in the new stock market usually need to be tracked and evaluated for a period of time before they are considered to be included in the market representative index. Since the listing of the first batch of science and technology innovation board Securities on July 22, 2019, the Shanghai Stock Exchange has been continuously tracking and evaluating for nearly one year, and the overall operation of science and technology innovation board is stable. By the end of May, there were 105 listed companies in science and technology innovation board with a total market value of 1.6 trillion yuan, which has become an important part of the Shanghai Stock Exchange. It is increasingly necessary for science and technology innovation board Securities to be included in the Shanghai Composite Index. The listed companies in science and technology innovation board cover many scientific and technological innovation enterprises. The inclusion of science and technology innovation board Securities will not only improve the market representation of the Shanghai Composite Index, but also further increase the proportion of listed companies in science and technology emerging industries in the Shanghai Composite Index, so that the Shanghai Composite Index can better reflect the structural changes in Shanghai. Considering that the revision of the Shanghai Composite Index involves the adjustment of the recording time of new shares, science and technology innovation board Securities will be included in the Shanghai Composite Index according to the revised rules, which is conducive to ensuring the stability and continuity of the Shanghai Composite Index rules.

　　Chen Li, director of Chuancai Securities Research Institute, said that the inclusion of listed companies in science and technology innovation board in the Shanghai Composite Index not only recognizes science and technology innovation board enterprises, but also makes the Shanghai Composite Index cover high-tech industrial companies representing China’s future, making the index more representative of China’s best and most promising enterprises.

　　The implementation of the revision of the Shanghai Composite Index is based on the adjustment of the international representative index, and it is planned to be carried out in a seamless way, that is, the effective date of the index preparation plan change is seamlessly connected with the previous trading day, and the real-time point on the effective date is calculated based on the closing point of the previous trading day and the rise and fall of the sample stocks on that day. "Therefore, the implementation of the revision of the Shanghai Composite Index will not affect the continuity of the index and will not affect investors’ observation of market conditions." A related person from the Shanghai Stock Exchange said. (Economic Daily China Economic Net reporter Wen Jicong)