标签归档 上海后花园阿拉网

On-site inoculation of domestic bivalent HPV vaccine in Tangwei Social Health Center of Fenghuang Street.

See Shenzhen Client Shenzhen News Network on July 1, 2020. (See Shenzhen Client, Shenzhen News Network reporter Liu Mengting Tang Liling)The first batch of domestic bivalent cervical cancer vaccine in Shenzhen has arrived!At 10: 55 am on July 1, Ms. Li, 41, was vaccinated with a domestic bivalent HPV vaccine with her friends at Tangwei Social Health Center, Fenghuang Street, Guangming District, Shenzhen. This is the first shot made by Shenzhen after the vaccine, which is completely produced by China with independent intellectual property rights, was approved for listing.

It is reported that Ms. Li made an appointment through the information sent by Tangwei Social Health Center on June 30, and the friends who came with her also vaccinated the domestic bivalent HPV vaccine after Ms. Li was vaccinated.

Zhu Ziyin, a staff member of Tangwei Social Health, said that on June 30, a vaccination notice was issued in the community of social health, and 12 people made an appointment in half an hour, and a total of 20 vaccines were prepared. The medical insurance card can be used for vaccination in this social health center, and the medical insurance card must be a first-class user. The account with a balance of more than 6387.85 yuan in the card can directly deduct the domestic bivalent HPV vaccination fee with the medical insurance card. "The social health center is regularly vaccinated against cervical cancer every Wednesday. You don’t need to make an appointment. You can go directly to the site to get the vaccination." She added.

The reporter learned from the Shenzhen Center for Disease Control and Prevention that up to now, only two social health centers in Shenzhen, Tangwei Social Health Service Center and Xinwei Social Health Service Center, have purchased domestic bivalent HPV vaccines. The reporter selected one of them to understand the vaccination situation at this stage.

The price of bivalent HPV vaccine is 329 yuan, which can resist about 85% of carcinogenic virus types.

Cervical cancer is one of the most common malignant tumors of female reproductive system in China. The data shows that in 2015, there were about 100,000 new cases of cervical cancer in China, with about 30,000 deaths, and about 84 people died of cervical cancer every day. More seriously, the incidence of cervical cancer is younger, and the proportion of patients under 35 years old is increasing year by year.

It is reported that tests in European and American countries have found that HPV16 and HPV 18 are carcinogenic viruses, which cause about 70% of cervical cancer. In China, these two viruses are closely related to 84% of cervical cancer due to ethnic differences. Vaccination as soon as possible can effectively avoid the invasion of these two most important carcinogenic viruses and reduce the risk of cervical cancer.

Completing HPV vaccination is one of the effective means to prevent cervical cancer. The bivalent HPV vaccine is aimed at HPV16 and HPV18 oncogenic viruses. At present, the price of a single domestic vaccine is 329 yuan/needle. Vaccinate two doses at the age of 9 ~ 14, the immunization program is "0-6", and the second dose is vaccinated within 6 months, including the service fee of 708 yuan; Women aged 15-45 years were vaccinated with three injections, and the immunization program was "0-1-6". The second injection was given one month after the first injection, and the third injection was finished within six months. The total cost was 1,062 yuan.

It is understood that the import of bivalent vaccine requires 580 yuan for each needle (three shots are required); The tetravalent vaccine costs 798 yuan per needle (three needles); Nine-valent vaccine needs 1298 yuan per needle (three needles); The domestic bivalent vaccine is priced at 329 yuan per needle (two needles in young age and three needles over 15 years old). Compared with imported vaccines, the domestic bivalent vaccine vaccination price is nearly half cheaper.

On-site inoculation of domestic bivalent HPV vaccine in Tangwei Social Health Center of Fenghuang Street.

Who: 9-14 years old is the best age for HPV vaccination.

Cervical cancer is the most common malignant tumor in women after breast cancer. According to the statistics of the World Health Organization in 2018, there are about 570,000 new cases of cervical cancer and about 311,000 deaths worldwide every year. There are about 106,000 new cases and 48,000 deaths in China every year.

According to public information, in 2018, the World Health Organization called for the global elimination of cervical cancer. The vaccination coverage rate of girls aged 9-14 reached 90%, while the vaccination rate of girls aged 9-14 in China was less than 0.05%. In response to this incident, the National Health and Health Commission and other 10 departments jointly formulated the Healthy China Action-Implementation Plan for Cancer Prevention and Control (2019-2022), which strengthened the scientific propaganda of human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV vaccine) vaccination, implemented cancer prevention and control actions, promoted vaccination of school-age people, and effectively safeguarded the health of the broad masses of the people.

Cervical cancer is mainly caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) infection, and it is a preventable cancer. The preventive measures are cervical cancer vaccination and cervical cancer screening. It is generally believed that HPV vaccination is best before the first substantive sexual contact of women-the main route of HPV infection is sexual transmission. Inoculation after infection will not give full play to the vaccine effect. Accordingly, the World Health Organization has designated 9-14 years old as the best vaccination age.

The higher the titer of HPV vaccine, the better? Expert: Not really.

The bivalent vaccine is suitable for women aged 9-45, and the tetravalent vaccine is suitable for women aged 20-45. Women over 26 years old and 6 months old can also choose to take bivalent or tetravalent HPV vaccine to protect themselves.

"Price" represents the preventable virus species. Bivalent HPV vaccine can prevent more than 70% of cervical cancer; Tetravalent HPV vaccine can prevent more than 70% of cervical cancer and more than 90% of genital warts; Nine-valent HPV vaccine can prevent more than 90% of cervical cancer and more than 90% of genital warts.

"If we only make a simple judgment from the price, it will aggravate the tension of the nine-valent vaccine. Women aged 16 to 26 years and 6 months are suitable for the three HPV vaccines. It is recommended to analyze rationally and choose the vaccine that suits them." Experts from Shenzhen CDC said that the World Health Organization clearly pointed out in 2017 that the available evidence shows that bivalent, tetravalent and nonavalent vaccines have no difference in immunogenicity and effectiveness in preventing HPV-related cervical cancer of types 16 and 18, and all three vaccines can prevent most cervical cancers. The bivalent HPV vaccine has a higher infection prevention rate for the domestic population, reaching 84.5%, which is higher than the global average. If the purpose is to prevent cervical cancer, bivalent vaccine can fully meet the demand.

Experts also said that compared with the nine-valent vaccine, the two-valent vaccine and the four-valent vaccine have outstanding advantages, such as high cost performance, being paid by medical insurance and wide applicable age. Women of school age can make rational choices according to their actual situation.

About domestic bivalent HPV vaccine, you need to know

1. What kind of people are suitable for vaccination?

A: HPV vaccination is best before women have their first substantive sexual contact. The recommended age in the United States is 9 ~ 26 years old. The recommended vaccination age of bivalent vaccine is 9 ~ 25 years old, that of tetravalent vaccine is 20 ~ 45 years old, and that of nine-valent HPV vaccine is suitable for women aged 16 ~ 26.

2. Is it necessary for married and fertile women to be vaccinated with HPV?

A: Adult women who have had sex may have been infected with HPV, but HPV infection is limited to the inner layer of mucosal epithelium and will not induce a strong immune response. About 50% of women can detect antibodies after natural infection, but the titer is low, which is not enough to protect against reinfection. Therefore, it is necessary for married and fertile women to be vaccinated against cervical cancer.

3. Can pregnant women and lactating women be vaccinated? What should I do if I get pregnant after vaccination?

A: At present, there is no relevant data on vaccination of pregnant women and lactating women, and it is not recommended for pregnant women and lactating women to be vaccinated against cervical cancer for the time being. In fact, the harm of HPV is not as great as imagined. This part of women can wait for a while, and it is not too late to get HPV vaccine after the fetus is born and weaned.

The vaccine has not been found to have adverse effects on the fetus. Therefore, if you are pregnant unexpectedly within 6 months after vaccination, you can closely observe the pregnancy.

4. What is the difference between bivalent, tetravalent and nonavalent vaccines?

A: At present, there are three kinds of HPV vaccines listed in the world: bivalent, tetravalent and nine-valent. "Valence" represents the type of virus that the vaccine can prevent. Bivalent vaccine can prevent HPV16 and HPV18 virus infection. Tetravalent vaccine can prevent HPV infection of types 6, 11, 16 and 18. Nine-valent vaccine is aimed at nine subtypes of HPV6, 11, 16, 18, 31, 33, 45, 52 and 58. International research data show that the nine-valent vaccine can prevent 90% of cervical cancer.

5. Some people will feel dizzy and sick after being vaccinated with HPV vaccine. What is the current monitoring of adverse reactions of HPV vaccine?

A: Some women may have headache, fatigue and local reactions after being vaccinated with cervical cancer vaccine, such as pain, redness, itching, numbness, etc., but the data shows that people aged 9-45 are generally well tolerated after being vaccinated with HPV vaccine. At present, there are no vaccine-related deaths and teratogenic cases, but the safety testing of vaccines after large-scale marketing is still going on.

6. Can the current domestic and imported HPV vaccines guarantee lifelong immunity after vaccination?

A: HPV vaccine is still a new thing in the field of vaccine. It was born less than 20 years ago. From the international and domestic data, after the vaccination is completed according to the process, there is no need for replanting. But whether it is effective for life or not requires long-term observation to be clear.

7. Is it necessary to have regular screening after HPV vaccination?

A: Almost all cervical cancers are related to HPV, among which HPV types 16 and 18 are closely related to cervical cancer, and other types are 31, 33, 35, 39, 45, 51, 52, 58 and 59. At present, the best vaccine developed is the nine-valent cervical cancer vaccine, covering nine high-risk subtypes of HPV. These nine HPV subtypes caused 95% of cervical cancer cases, but 5% of HPV strains were still not covered by vaccine. Therefore, regardless of whether they have been vaccinated or not, it is recommended that women aged 18-65 should be screened once every 1-3 years.

　　The movement of "one village, one product" originated in Oita Prefecture in southwestern Japan in the late 1970s. After nearly 30 years’ practice, it shows that it is a model of making full use of local potential resources and capital to develop local economy with remarkable results. Under the new situation, it is of great practical significance to further understand the movement of "one village, one product" and take the development of "one village, one product" as a strategic measure for the construction of modern agriculture and new socialist countryside in China.

　　First, the main achievements and practices of the development of "one village, one product"

　　1. Cultivate leading industries and build a new platform for expanding regional economy.

　　In the process of developing "one village, one product", all localities rely on resources for development, and take the road of "one household with many households, many households with the whole village, one village with many villages, and many villages are connected into pieces" by virtue of their characteristics, thus cultivating leading industries with their own characteristics, promoting industrial agglomeration and accelerating the formation of advantageous industrial areas. Professional villages and towns with industrial characteristics have accounted for more than 60% of the total number of villages and towns in Nanchang City, Jiangxi Province, and the number of "one village, one product" professional villages (natural villages) has grown to 236, and efforts have been made to build eight characteristic planting and breeding demonstration bases with specialization, scale and standardization as their advantages, providing a broad space for farmers to display their talents.

　　2. Combined with agricultural industrialization, open up new ways for the development of agricultural organizations

　　All localities pay attention to market development, plan the development of "one village, one product" according to the idea of industrialization, and cultivate various industrialized organizations such as leading enterprises and professional cooperatives in various forms and ways, which promotes the integrated operation of production, processing and sales and improves the degree of agricultural organization. Shaanxi has cultivated 80 strong villages, 5,000 large households and a number of sericulture processing enterprises. Relying on the support of strong villages and large households and driven by leading enterprises, it has built 70,000 mu of high-efficiency close-planting mulberry gardens and raised 200,000 silkworms, achieving a comprehensive income of 500 million yuan for sericulture production, 1 billion yuan for processing industry and 1.5 billion yuan for sericulture industry.

　　3. Close to standardized production and form new measures for agricultural product quality and safety.

　　In the process of developing "one village, one product", all localities started from the production link, actively promoted agricultural standardized production, promoted agricultural economical production, clean production, safe production and sustainable development, and effectively guaranteed the quality and safety of agricultural products. In 2006, the leading products of 17,030 specialized villages passed the national certification of pollution-free agricultural products or green food and organic food; There are 10971 professional villages with registered trademarks; There are 4154 professional villages that have won famous brand products at or above the provincial level; There are 2992 professional villages protected by geographical indication products. Yangshan Peach in Wuxi City, Jiangsu Province, has a planting area of more than 30,000 mu, and implements standardized management in the whole process of production, packaging, storage and transportation. The products have passed the organic food certification, won the title of "China Famous Brand Agricultural Products" and obtained the protection of geographical indications products, and the price is more than twice that of ordinary products. Heilongjiang "Wuchang Rice" has obtained the highest quality certification of "China Famous Brand Product" and is exported to both domestic and foreign markets.

　　4. Expand various functions of agriculture and create a new bright spot of rural economic development.

　　On the premise of ensuring the effective supply of agricultural products, all localities actively develop the functions of agriculture such as ecological protection, leisure and sightseeing, and cultural inheritance, vigorously develop environmental protection agriculture focusing on purifying the environment and conserving water sources, cultural agriculture focusing on promoting folk culture and inheriting farming civilization, and experience agriculture focusing on eating farm meals and doing farm work, which has cultivated new highlights in rural economic development. There are more than 50 farmers engaged in the production and processing of gongs and drums in Shangchuankou Village, Yangcun Township, Yangling District. Among them, 28 farmers have developed from the initial family workshop to a processing enterprise with a certain scale, and gathered along Yangwu Road, forming a spectacular gongs and drums processing street. The processed "Xinsheng brand" bronzes, "Weifeng brand" gongs and drums and "Hongda brand" cowhide drums are famous in the northwest bronze drum musical instrument industry.

　　5. Cooperate with rural labor force and expand new channels for farmers to increase their income.

　　All localities insist on proceeding from reality, give full play to their resource advantages, make agriculture suitable, industry suitable and business suitable, make leading industries bigger and stronger, and vigorously develop related industries such as processing, transportation and marketing, catering, etc., thus forming a situation of "one industry is thriving and all industries are flourishing", which not only extends the industrial chain, but also broadens employment channels and promotes farmers’ income. By the end of 2006, there were 43,433,300 employees in 41,293 specialized villages in China, accounting for 8.62% of the total number of rural employees. The per capita net income of farmers reached 4,560 yuan, 27% higher than that of farmers in China. There are 639 specialized villages such as Pearl Village, Citrus Village, Tea Village, Ramie Village and Flower Village in Changde City, Hunan Province, with nearly one million farmers. The per capita net income of farmers in specialized villages is 4,035 yuan, which is 785 yuan higher than that of farmers in the whole city.

　　Second, the new requirements for developing "one village, one product" under the new situation

　　1. Accurately grasp the development law of "one village, one product". First of all, we must respect the laws of nature, choose the most suitable agricultural products for local production to develop leading industries, and develop and cultivate "fine products" or "fist products" with obvious local characteristics that best reflect local advantages. Secondly, we must adhere to the market, and the characteristic agricultural products must meet the market consumption demand and have broad market space and prospects. Only in this way can such "fine products" successfully occupy the consumer market and create the best possible economic benefits. Thirdly, a moderate scale must be formed as soon as possible. Only large-scale operation can effectively promote the application of new varieties, new technologies and new machines and tools, truly realize regional layout, specialized production and intensive management, and enlarge the scale of featured products with market prospects. Fourth, we must take the road of industrialized operation, cultivate leading enterprises around the development of characteristic agricultural products, and establish an effective market linkage mechanism of "one village, one product" through leading enterprises to link production, storage, transportation, processing and sales on the spot, so as to enhance product level and market competitiveness. Finally, we can not only make full use of agricultural resources, but also integrate social elements of a place’s history, culture and customs into products, so that traditional products can form unique and competitive emerging industries.

　　2. Deeply understand the important role of "one village, one product" in modern agriculture and new rural construction. "One village, one product" is based on adhering to the household contract management system, and through the implementation of contiguous production in one village or more villages, it realizes decentralized small production and integrated large-scale operation under the existing system, which is conducive to concentrating production factors and improving supporting facilities, and provides favorable conditions for agricultural intensification, standardization, mechanization and industrial production. "One village, one product" has promoted the development of agriculture and rural economy, increased farmers’ income, and accelerated the pace of getting rid of poverty in some places. It has become a strategic measure to promote the construction of new countryside, a strategic starting point for agricultural departments at all levels to build new countryside, and a strategic basis for sinking the focus of work to villages and ensuring the effectiveness of new rural construction.

　　3. Update the development concept of "one village, one product". The development of "one village, one product" means the development of agricultural block economy through specialized production and industrialized management. Compared with traditional agriculture, its internal law, organizational form and development mode have changed greatly. We must change our development concepts and ways of thinking, strengthen our sense of innovation according to the requirements of modern agriculture, adhere to the concept of developing regional economy to guide the development of "one village, one product", accelerate the agglomeration of production factors to advantageous production areas, accelerate the centralized contiguous development, and accelerate the integration of production, processing and marketing, trade, industry and agriculture. It is necessary to strengthen market awareness, promote the development of "one village, one product" with the concept of brand drive, and accelerate industrial upgrading.

　　Third, the future development orientation of "one village, one product": relying on modern agricultural organizations to promote "one village, one product"

　　Modern agricultural organization is an effective organizational carrier to promote the movement of "one village, one product", and the rural specialized production of "one village, one product" is an important industrial support for the existence and development of modern agricultural organization. Facing the new situation of developing modern agriculture and building a new socialist countryside, according to the actual situation in China and the characteristics of various places, we can consider the following practice modes:

　　1. The organizational form of "market+sales association+farmers"

　　Because it is difficult for scattered farmers to effectively develop the market, expanding the leading product market and reducing the sales risk is one of the important ways to extend the industrial chain of "one village, one product". In the practice of "one village, one product" in all parts of China, many professional sales associations have been developed, which has improved the degree of organization of farmers’ entry into the market, and realized the promotion of industrial development by sales and the increase of farmers’ income. For example, Xinying Township, Xiji County, Ningxia, led by large growers and traffickers, set up a potato sales association. According to the operating mechanism of "market+agricultural association+farmers", it opened up sales markets for farmers, provided sales information, unified prices, unified packaging and unified sales, and gradually formed a one-stop process of production, supply and marketing, which effectively promoted the development of "one village, one product" in the local area. In 2005, the sales association directly led 600 local farmers to enter the potato market, and the per capita income of farmers from potatoes accounted for 57.9% of the per capita net income of that year.

　　2. Through the organizational form of "professional association+farmers"

　　To a certain extent, professional associations can make up for the shortcomings of low degree of organization of farmers. Providing farmers with a variety of services before, during and after delivery through professional associations can effectively reduce farmers’ market transaction costs, overcome the lack of decentralized management of individual farmers, reduce market risks and guide farmers to develop in the direction of "one village, one product". For example, in the nine years since the establishment of Xinye Vegetable Cooperative in Henan Province, farmers have been actively provided with excellent varieties, experimental demonstrations, technical services, agricultural materials management and product sales, and the area of "Bijiu" cabbage has been driven to reach 140,000 mu, realizing the scale and standardization of agricultural production. The products are exported to 16 provinces, Japan, South Korea, Russia and other countries, and the per capita net income of members is more than 8,000 yuan, which is twice as high as that of vegetable farmers outside the cooperative.

　　3. The organizational form of "leading enterprises+associations+bases+farmers"

　　Through the establishment of agricultural associations, on the one hand, leading enterprises can effectively convey product standards and quality requirements to production farmers and obtain stable sources of raw materials. Farmers’ own associations can bargain with leading enterprises on behalf of farmers’ interests, realize the balance of interests of both sides, and thus promote the development of "one village, one product". For example, Yongxing Town, Suining, Sichuan Province is supported by the characteristic angelica dahurica industry, with Sichuan Yinfa Resources Development Co., Ltd. as the leader, and drives farmers to carry out standardized and large-scale planting of angelica dahurica according to the operation mode of "leading enterprises+associations+bases+farmers". The annual planting area of angelica dahurica is 3,200 mu, the output is 1.28 million kilograms, and the output value is 7.68 million yuan, accounting for 13% of the town’s total output value, which gradually promotes the development of "one village, one product".

　　However, at present, the organizational forms of farmers’ professional associations and cooperative organizations in many places in China are not standardized; In many places, the development of farmers’ organizations is seriously lagging behind; Most of them face the problem of shortage of funds; Some agricultural associations and cooperatives have poor personnel quality, irregular management, imperfect systems and low development levels. Generally speaking, the degree of organization of farmers entering the market is still relatively low, and the development of "one village, one product" is restricted. In the future, we must pay attention to the following aspects:

　　First, we should highlight the dominant position of farmers in construction and decision-making. To develop the "one village, one product" movement, promote the construction of farmers’ economic organizations, or rely on modern agricultural organizations to develop "one village, one product", we need to respect the wishes and choices of farmers under the specific provisions of the cooperative law, and the government needs to support and guide them without coercion and service without interference, highlight the main position of farmers in developing "one village, one product" and building farmers’ professional cooperatives, and truly form "people-run, people-managed and people-benefited"

　　Second, we should strengthen government guidance and services. At present, the development of farmers’ economic organizations in China is in the primary stage, and the movement of "one village, one product" has just started. These two important areas are in urgent need of government support. We should give necessary policy support in finance, taxation and credit, and take various forms to solve the financial difficulties of farmers’ development of one village, one product. It is necessary to strengthen the guidance on the development of one village and one product, follow the market rules to guide the development of one village and one product, find typical models through pilot and demonstration, summarize typical models and give key support. Guide farmers and grassroots cadres to learn, practice and develop one village with typical experience.

　　Third, we must vigorously cultivate rural talents who develop one village and one product. At present, the scientific, technological and cultural qualities of farmers in China are generally low. Among the rural labor force, 87.5% have junior high school education or below, of which 37.3% have primary school education or below. The biggest difficulty in developing modern agriculture in China is the bottleneck of rural human resources. Drawing on the experience of developing "one village, one product" abroad, it is necessary to take the cultivation of practical technical talents and leading talents in rural areas as a focus of rural work, especially to cultivate outstanding talents who are innovative and challenging to meet the needs of the times and play a leading role in leadership and demonstration.

　　Fourth, we should establish a risk guarantee mechanism that relies on modern agricultural organizations to develop "one village, one product". Agriculture is a fragile industry, facing not only market risks but also natural risks. Relying on farmers’ economic organizations to develop "one village, one product" is bound to face the impact of natural disasters at any time. Therefore, on the basis of support, the government should formulate risk prevention and risk rescue mechanisms to protect and make up for the losses caused by the practice of "one village, one product" and all related links of agricultural economic organizations in market-oriented operation under force majeure.

Editor: Jufu