The Central Office and the State Council issued a pilot program for comprehensive reform in Shenzhen, giving Shenzhen more autonomy in key areas and key links.
This year, the first list of comprehensive authorization items was formulated and implemented.
The "Implementation Plan for Comprehensive Reform of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Pilot Demonstration Zone in Shenzhen (2020-2025)" puts forward a series of major reform measures around eight aspects and 27 objectives and tasks, such as improving the system and mechanism of market-oriented allocation of factors, creating a market-oriented and legalized international business environment, improving the system of scientific and technological innovation environment, improving the high-level open economic system, improving the service supply system for people’s livelihood, and improving the ecological environment and urban space governance system.
Recently, the Implementation Plan for Comprehensive Reform of Socialism with Chinese characteristics Pilot Demonstration Zone in Shenzhen (2020-2025) was issued by the General Offices of the General Office of the Central Committee of the CPC and the State Council, in which it was proposed that by 2025, the reform of important areas and key links in the demonstration zone will achieve landmark results, basically complete the pilot reform task, and make an important demonstration for the national system construction.
Support Shenzhen to implement the pilot reform of comprehensive authorization
In August last year, the Opinions of the Central Committee of the Communist Party of China and the State Council on Supporting Shenzhen to Build a Pilot Demonstration Zone in Socialism with Chinese characteristics was issued, which proposed to make Shenzhen a high-quality development highland, a demonstration city ruled by law, a model of urban civilization, a benchmark for people’s livelihood and happiness, and a pioneer of sustainable development. The opinions clarified the development goals of the demonstration area in 2025, 2035 and the middle of this century.
The Implementation Plan issued recently further clarified the phased goals of the demonstration area in 2020, 2022 and 2025. In 2020, the first list of comprehensive authorization items will be formulated and implemented.
The plan points out that taking the 40th anniversary of the establishment of special economic zones as an opportunity and under the top-level design and strategic deployment of the central reform, supporting Shenzhen to implement the pilot reform of comprehensive authorization is another major measure to promote Shenzhen’s reform and opening up in the new era, a key measure to build a pioneering demonstration zone in Socialism with Chinese characteristics, and a brand-new exploration of innovative reform methods.
Focusing on the strategic positioning and objectives of the Socialism with Chinese characteristics Pilot Demonstration Zone, the Implementation Plan gives Shenzhen more autonomy in the reform of key areas and key links, supports Shenzhen to promote reform and opening up at a higher starting point, a higher level and a higher goal, takes the lead in improving all aspects of the system, builds high-quality development systems and mechanisms, promotes the modernization of the governance system and governance capacity, accelerates the formation of a new pattern of comprehensive deepening reform and opening up, promotes a higher level of Shenzhen-Hong Kong cooperation, enhances the core engine function in the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area, and strives to create.
Support the pilot test of internal closure of digital RMB.
The "Implementation Plan" is very important to improve the system and mechanism of market-oriented allocation of factors; Create a market-oriented and legalized international business environment; Improve the system of scientific and technological innovation environment; Improve the high-level open economic system; Improve the supply system of people’s livelihood services; Improve the ecological environment and urban space governance system; Strengthen safeguards and other aspects put forward clear requirements.
In terms of improving the system and mechanism of market-oriented allocation of factors, the "Implementation Plan" is clear and supports deepening exploration in the land management system. Support the construction of the capital market. Support the internal closed pilot test of digital RMB, and promote the R&D and application of digital RMB and international cooperation.
The "Implementation Plan" requires improving the labor mobility system that adapts to the characteristics of megacities. Deepen the reform of the household registration system and adjust and improve the policy of settlement of points. We will improve the residence permit system, encourage the expansion of the scope of public services and improve service standards according to the actual situation, and steadily promote the full coverage of the permanent population of basic public services. It is allowed to explore a special working hour management system that meets the development needs of new technologies, new formats, new industries and new models.
In terms of relevant systems for the transformation of technological achievements, the "Implementation Plan" requires deepening the reform of the right to use, dispose of and benefit from scientific and technological achievements, and exploring and giving scientific researchers the ownership or long-term use right of scientific and technological achievements, achievement evaluation and income distribution. Explore the transfer and benefit distribution mechanism of the patent right of scientific and technological achievements of government-funded projects to inventors or designers and small and medium-sized enterprises, and improve the benefit distribution mechanism of the transformation of scientific and technological achievements of state-owned enterprises.
The "Implementation Plan" also proposes to improve the contribution mechanism of factor market evaluation. Take the lead in exploring and improving the mechanism that factors of production are evaluated by the market and their remuneration is determined according to their contribution, so as to increase the remuneration of workers, especially front-line workers.
In terms of creating a market-oriented and legalized international business environment, the "Implementation Plan" clearly supports Shenzhen to broaden the legislative space of special economic zones, strengthen legislative exploration in emerging fields, and formulate laws and regulations for special economic zones according to law. In improving the environmental system of scientific and technological innovation, we support the implementation of a non-competitive and competitive "dual-track" research funding input mechanism. In terms of improving the high-level open economic system, we support Shenzhen in promoting the internationalization of the RMB and promoting the improvement of the foreign exchange management system. Improve the supply system of people’s livelihood services, support the clinical application of international cutting-edge drugs in Shenzhen, and explore the expansion of autonomy in running schools in Shenzhen universities. Improve the ecological environment and urban space governance system, support the improvement of mandatory local standards for product environmental protection, establish a system of green industry identification rules, and improve the climate investment and financing mechanism.
Main objectives of the programme
the year of 2020
We launched a number of major reform measures in important areas such as market-oriented allocation of factors, optimization of business environment, and overall utilization of urban space, formulated and implemented the first list of comprehensive authorization items, and promoted the pilot to make a good start.
In 2022
Important progress has been made in all aspects of system construction, and a number of major institutional achievements that can be replicated and promoted have been formed, and the pilot has achieved phased results.
In 2025
Marked achievements have been made in the reform of important areas and key links, the task of pilot reform has been basically completed, and an important demonstration has been made for the national system construction.
Focusing on the short-term five-year plan from 2020 to 2025, the "Implementation Plan" proposes to support Shenzhen to implement the pilot reform of comprehensive authorization, and positions it as another major measure to promote Shenzhen’s reform and opening up in the new era and a key measure to build a pioneering demonstration zone in Socialism with Chinese characteristics. According to the Implementation Plan, the list of the first batch of comprehensive authorization items will be formulated and implemented in 2020.
How to implement the pilot reform of comprehensive authorization? What areas are involved in the reform? The "Implementation Plan" recently announced mentioned that Shenzhen will be given more autonomy in the reform of key areas and key links, and support Shenzhen to promote reform and opening up at a higher starting point, a higher level and a higher goal. According to the Implementation Plan, these areas include market-oriented allocation of factors, optimization of business environment, and overall utilization of urban space.
Yu Miaojie, secretary of the Party Committee of the National Development Research Institute of Peking University, believes that according to the plan, the comprehensive authorization reform pilot will be promoted from both reform and opening up. The core of reform is to promote the market-oriented allocation of factors, and the key to opening up lies in promoting a new pattern of all-round opening up and building a high-level open system.
Among them, there are many works on improving the system and mechanism of market-oriented allocation of factors, and six requirements are put forward, including supporting the deepening exploration of land management system; Improve the labor mobility system that adapts to the characteristics of megacities; Support to try first in capital market construction; Accelerate the improvement of relevant systems for the transformation of technological achievements; Accelerate the cultivation of data factor market and improve the evaluation and contribution mechanism of factor market.
Interpretation 1
Reforming the land management system and expanding the "open source" of land supply
In the land management system, the approval of converting agricultural land other than permanent basic farmland authorized by the State Council into construction land is entrusted to the Shenzhen Municipal Government for approval.
The reporter noted that in the "Decision on Authorization and Entrustment of Land Use Approval" issued in March this year, it was mentioned that the people’s governments of provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government were authorized to approve the conversion of agricultural land other than permanent basic farmland that the State Council could authorize into construction land.
The "Decision" also proposed that the pilot project of converting permanent basic farmland into construction land and the State Council’s approval of land acquisition and approval should be entrusted to the people’s governments of some provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities directly under the Central Government for approval. The first batch of pilot projects includes Guangdong, Beijing, Tianjin, Shanghai, Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Anhui and Chongqing, and the pilot period is one year.
Yu Miaojie believes that the key intention of such reform is to expand land supply. As a megacity and first-tier city in China, Shenzhen has a huge demand for land. If we want to reasonably control housing prices, expanding land supply is an effective way to open up sources.
In addition, the support mentioned in the "Implementation Plan" is to promote the mixed land use of secondary and tertiary industries on the premise of meeting the requirements of land and space planning. Supporting the active use of existing industrial land, exploring and solving the problems of planning adjustment, land supply, income distribution and land left over from history are also the goals of expanding land supply.
Interpretation 2
Cultivate the market of data elements and promote the development of digital economy
The "Implementation Plan" proposes to accelerate the cultivation of the data element market, including taking the lead in improving the data property rights system and establishing a data privacy protection system. Support the construction of Guangdong-Hong Kong-Macao Greater Bay Area data platform, study and demonstrate the establishment of data trading market or rely on existing trading places to carry out data trading.
Yu Miaojie believes that data, as a factor of production, plays an increasingly important role in the national economy. The connotation of data elements includes two parts: numbers and data. Undoubtedly, promoting the development of digital economy by cultivating the data element market will be the next development direction of Shenzhen.
How does data apply to the development of digital economy? In the "Opinions on Building a More Perfect System and Mechanism of Factor Market Allocation" published on April 9 this year, it was mentioned that the value of social data resources should be enhanced and new industries, new formats and new models of digital economy should be cultivated.
The fields involved include agriculture, industry, transportation, education, security, urban management, public resource transactions, etc., and build scenarios for the development and utilization of standardized data in these fields; Artificial intelligence, wearable devices, Internet of Vehicles, and Internet of Things are all "hot" industries.
Interpretation 3
White-collar workers who emphasize the value of knowledge will benefit more.
The "Implementation Plan" proposes to take the lead in exploring and improving the mechanism in which factors of production are evaluated by the market and their remuneration is determined according to their contribution, so as to increase the remuneration of workers, especially front-line workers. Fully respect scientific research, technology and management talents, and explore ways to fully reflect the value of technology, knowledge, management and data.
Yu Miaojie said that the above content is not a "new formulation", and it has been made clear in the "Opinions on Building a More Perfect System and Mechanism for Market-oriented Allocation of Factors" issued by the Central Committee on April 9 this year. The core of the above reform is to increase the proportion of labor remuneration in the initial distribution and increase the income distribution oriented by knowledge value.
He said that determining remuneration according to contribution means matching one by one according to the marginal contribution of labor to products, with emphasis on front-line workers and knowledge value. This means that the input of factors with high knowledge output, that is, white-collar workers, will benefit more, and the income of white-collar workers will be significantly improved.
In addition, emphasizing increasing the reward of knowledge value will also make the whole society pay more attention to knowledge accumulation, which is conducive to improving the quality of education in China and the overall education level of the people.
The "Implementation Plan" also refers to further improving the fair and open market environment, drawing up a list of special measures for relaxing market access in Shenzhen on the basis of a unified negative list of market access in the whole country, and relaxing market access in the fields of energy, telecommunications, public utilities, transportation and education.
Yu Miaojie said that a good business environment can realize the fairness of secondary distribution while expanding the scale of the economy.
"The government should pay more attention to fairness in the secondary distribution while doing a good job in the primary distribution and directly expanding the income of white-collar workers and other related classes, so that people from all walks of life can benefit from it and truly reflect the superiority of the socialist system. This is the proper meaning of Shenzhen as a pioneering demonstration zone." Yu yujie said. (Reporter Sha Xueliang and Jiang Huizhen)
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