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　　Xinhua News Agency, Beijing, December 13th 　(International Watch) "The biggest disseminator of false information" — — From the bottom of American network public opinion manipulation misdeeds

　　Xinhua news agency reporter

　　"Do you know who is the biggest disseminator of false information in the history of the world? It is the US government. "

　　At a hearing in the US Congress in May this year, Senator rand paul asked himself and gave a series of examples, including the US government’s invasion of Iraq in 2003 under the pretext of "weapons of mass destruction".

　　The scene of Colin Powell, then US Secretary of State, holding a tube of white powder at the UN Security Council meeting and identifying Iraq as developing "weapons of mass destruction" has gone down in history as a "famous scene" for the US government to openly lie on international occasions.

　　For a long time, the US government has been spreading false information and weaving a dark network of rumors to manipulate public opinion, demonize other countries and safeguard its hegemony.

　　False information blitzkrieg — — "It’s as if someone pressed a switch."

　　According to researchers from the School of Mathematical Sciences, University of Adelaide, Australia, on February 24th this year, when the Ukrainian crisis escalated, "it seemed as if someone had pressed a switch", and the account on social media Twitter promoting anti-Russian stance "suddenly broke out", with as many as 38,000 tweets with the tag "Support Ukraine" appearing every hour. In the following week, a total of about 3.5 million tweets depicting Russian-phobia were constantly spreading, of which as many as 80% came from robot accounts. Such a rapid and large-scale online public opinion offensive can be called a "false information blitzkrieg".

　　According to the US Monthly Review website, Paul Nakasone, director of the US National Security Agency and commander of Cyber Command, disclosed in May that Cyber Command has been carrying out a number of information actions to support Ukraine.

　　The picture shows a screenshot of the US Monthly Review website reporting "Australian researchers exposed large-scale anti-Russian" robot network army ".

　　Fyodor Voitolovski, director of the Institute of World Economics and International Relations of the Russian Academy of Sciences, said in an interview with Xinhua News Agency that Russia is facing a "typical propaganda trap". The US government used transnational media to launch an anti-Russian propaganda offensive, and some blogs and social media accounts also actively participated in it.

　　The misdeeds of the United States in spreading false information and manipulating public opinion on a large scale through social media have also been confirmed by other researchers. According to a report released by the Australian Institute in 2020, thousands of Twitter accounts have forwarded a lot of information about Covid-19 within 10 days. "It is China &lsquo to spread Covid-19 in a coordinated and organized manner; Biological and chemical weapons ’ Conspiracy theories, and these "network water forces" are all related to the United States.

　　"The United States is perfect in using various means to carry out information warfare and propaganda warfare." Voitolovski said that the United States regards Russia and China as "challenges" and "adversaries", and uses "national security" as an excuse to launch an information war and a propaganda war against the two countries, and the offensive has been continuously strengthened.

　　As a matter of fact, the targets of American network information warfare and propaganda warfare are not only Russian and China. On a global scale, there are countless cases in which the U.S. government used online rumors to trap other countries and incite the "color revolution."

　　The evidence released by the Cuban government in July 2021 shows that since mid-June of that year, some anti-Cuban forces in the United States, with the support of the American government, deliberately spread the lies of "the collapse of Cuba’s medical system under the COVID-19 epidemic" through social networks, using this as an excuse to incite military intervention in Cuba.

　　Washington post quoted a report from the network observation room of Stanford University in the United States as saying that in September 2020, social media Facebook and "photo wall" found that hundreds of accounts and homepages were used to spread false information to audiences in Venezuela, Bolivia, Mexico and other countries, fostering opposition forces supported by the United States in these countries and promoting regime change. These accounts and home pages are related to a public relations company headquartered in Washington.

　　Inaudible voice — — "Deep government" and "Wolf tactics"

　　The rise of social media provides a new environment and new means for the United States to manipulate public opinion on a large scale. For the purpose of deception, the US government spreads a lot of false information in cyberspace. The specific operation method of this so-called "influence action" and the hidden network behind it were jointly released in August this year by the network observation room of Stanford University and Grafica Research Company, a social network analysis institution. Report "inaudible voice — — In the evaluation of pro-Western covert influence action in the past five years, it was unveiled.

　　The picture shows "inaudible voice — — The cover of the report on the assessment of the hidden influence of pro-Western countries in the past five years.

　　Based on the analysis of more than 200 fake accounts on social media such as Twitter, Facebook and "photo wall", the researchers found a "network of accounts that are interrelated among multiple social media platforms and use deceptive strategies to promote pro-Western narratives in the Middle East and Central Asia". These accounts participated in "a series of secret propaganda offensives that lasted for nearly five years" and "continued to advance the narrative that is beneficial to the interests of the United States and its allies and opposed to Russia, China and Iran".

　　By analyzing the data provided by various social media platforms, the researchers concluded that some of these accounts were obviously related to the "Cross-regional Network Initiative" of the US Department of Defense. The "Cross-regional Network Initiative" was initiated by the US Special Operations Command in 2008. It used a series of websites to influence public opinion and provide "information support" for US military operations.

　　These accounts are divided into different groups according to the countries and regions where the target audience is located. In order to expand the effect of public opinion manipulation, each group account often "acts in concert" and even posts automatically at certain intervals. Some accounts also try to cover up this kind of collaborative action, for example, when using the same picture, they make a few changes to the picture description and title, and "insert" some content about culture and natural beauty between the collaborative posts to "cover up politically motivated activities".

　　The customary rumors of these accounts include: using photos generated by theft, tampering or artificial intelligence as avatars; Issue highly consistent content at the same time with false identities such as "independent media" and "local residents"; Stir up rumors by adding labels and forwarding petitions. In order to concoct "hot topics", these accounts are highly active and concentrated in posting in some cases. The most typical case is that before and after the escalation of the Ukrainian crisis, Central Asian groups posted nearly 200 posts a day, exaggerating Russia’s so-called "threat" to Central Asian countries.

　　According to the report, some false accounts on social media are associated with the US military. The picture shows a screenshot of the report.

　　These accounts often forward news from pro-Western media, American embassies and consulates abroad, the US military, etc., and sometimes deliberately package the forwarded fake news as original, or link with other related accounts and websites.

　　This reminds people of the previous revelations of julian assange, the founder of Wikileaks, and edward snowden, the revealer of Prism Gate. According to the documents they disclosed, a "deep government" composed of the US Central Intelligence Agency and the State Council plays a "command center" role in the manipulation of public opinion, which is responsible for setting the target of public opinion attack and setting the topic, and then the US government, western media, politicians, think tanks and so on quickly follow up the hype and stage "wolf tactics". Obviously, fake social media accounts are also part of this "wolf pack".

　　"Weapons of the New Cold War" — — Demonize countries that oppose American hegemonism

　　As the article on the website of Monthly Review said, there is increasing evidence that the United States and other western countries have turned social media platforms into "weapons of the new cold war".

　　Pentagon, USA. Xinhua News Agency reporter Liu Jie photo

　　In order to control these platforms, the United States will do whatever it takes.

　　Western scholars have found that the American government has long used personnel infiltration to control the network public opinion field. Major social media companies in the United States employ people with intelligence or military backgrounds all the year round. These people are often placed in important positions such as data analysis, network security, content review, etc., which directly affects the way of social media thinking and problem solving, and then affects the information flow for billions of netizens around the world.

　　Allen mcleod, a member of the Media Research Group of the University of Glasgow in the United Kingdom, wrote that there are "ex-CIA agents everywhere" in the Trust and Security Department of Google, and people who have worked in the CIA for more than 10 years are everywhere. Similar phenomena exist in Facebook’s parent company "Yuan" Company, Twitter and Youtu.

　　Mcleod pointed out that one of the important tasks of the CIA is to spread lies to the public under the pretext of "American national security". Former Secretary of State Mike Pompeo, a former director of the CIA, "disclosed" in a speech in 2019: "We lie, we cheat and we steal. We have a whole set of training courses on these! " Nowadays, people who have worked in the CIA for a long time decide the information disseminated by social media. This is the "problem".

　　MintPress, a left-wing news website in the United States, quoted Elizabeth Murray, who had worked in American intelligence agencies for 27 years, as saying that there is a "revolving door" phenomenon between American intelligence agencies and social media companies, that is, intelligence agency personnel go to social media platforms for a period of time and then return to work in intelligence agencies. Mcleod believes that this means a national security risk for other countries, especially "countries that pursue a foreign policy independent of the United States". (Participating in reporters: Gao Jie, Bao Xuelin, Chen Dan, Han Bing, Gao Wencheng, Meng Jing, Huang He)

CCTV News:The 3rd China International Consumer Goods Expo opened in Haikou, Hainan this morning (April 10th). In this year’s Consumer Expo, more than 4,000 consumer products from 65 countries and regions were unveiled, and the core indicators such as the number of participating countries, brands and buyers have all improved. Let’s look at the report sent back from Hainan by CCTV reporters at Headquarters this morning.

CCTV reporter Chen Xi:This is Haikou International Convention and Exhibition Center in Hainan, and my present position is outside the banquet hall in Hall 5. The opening ceremony starts at 10: 30 and lasts for one hour.

The theme of this year’s Consumer Expo is still "sharing open opportunities and creating a better life together". Together with Canton Fair in Guangzhou, Service Trade Fair in Beijing and China International Import Expo(CIIE) in Shanghai, it is called the four most influential economic and trade fairs. By this year, the Expo has been the third, and it has attracted more and more attention. There are several figures that can represent the increase in the popularity of the Expo.

The exhibition area of the first and third sessions increased by 20% compared with the second session, and the total exhibition area reached 120,000 square meters, with more than 3,300 famous brands from more than 60 countries participating in the exhibition. It has been confirmed that politicians from seven countries and heads of international organizations will attend the Expo.

2. The number of buyers and professional visitors is expected to exceed 50,000, and the number of visitors is expected to exceed 300,000.

Third, the media is highly concerned. In addition to the domestic mainstream media, it is expected that there will be more than 30 overseas media to report the Expo.

Compared with the previous two sessions, the core indicators such as the number of participating countries, the number of brands and buyers have all increased.

The first show of global consumer goods at the Expo is also worthy of attention. On the 12th and 13th, a new product launch conference of "Consumer Fashion, First Show" will be held in the Welcome Hall, and 28 well-known publishers at home and abroad will bring 118 series of new products with different styles to the stage.

　　　　　　 The public open day of this year’s Consumer Expo is on 14th and 15th, with a total of 100,000 tickets on sale. Visitors can purchase tickets in real-name registration system through the official App of Consumer Expo and WeChat applet.

The press center was put into use in the afternoon.

According to the reporter, this afternoon, the news center of the Consumer Expo was put into use, which can meet the needs of about 1200 journalists working at the same time. In addition, the online news center has been opened to all registered journalists.

　　On April 4th, Matsuoka Ring (left), head of the Nanjing delegation from the Ming Heart Association of Japan, knelt on one knee and talked with the survivors of the Nanjing Massacre. On that day, in Tomb-Sweeping Day, survivors of the Nanjing Massacre, relatives of the victims and representatives from all walks of life paid homage to the victims killed by the Japanese invaders in 1937 in front of the wailing wall (the wall of the victims list) in the Memorial Hall for the Victims of the Nanjing Massacre. China News Agency issued a photo of Libo

　　China news agency, Beijing, August 7 th: "Japanese conscience" Matsuoka Ring: Let more people, especially the Japanese, know the historical facts of the Nanjing Massacre.

　　China News Service reporter Ying Ni

　　Sitting quietly in front of the reporter of China News Service, Matsuoka Ring, thin body and white face, it is difficult for people to associate her with such a bloody incident as the "Nanjing Massacre". It is this Japanese lady who is nearly seventy years old who has been searching for the historical materials of the Nanjing Massacre for nearly 30 years and has been determined to spread them in China, and has been praised as "Japanese conscience" by Japanese media.

　　Matsuoka Ring, who came to Beijing a few days ago, signed a contract with New World Publishing House in China to publish Nanjing: Torn Memories. The Chinese version is expected to be published next year. This book, published in English, about the testimony of Japanese veterans and victims of the Nanjing Massacre, attracted public attention in many places after the release of the new book in Toronto, Canada in April this year.

　　Recalling my first visit to Nanjing in 1988, Matsuoka Ring still remembers the victim, Li Xiuying, who said in a hoarse voice, "I feel uncomfortable when I see the Japanese." She admitted to the reporter that this sentence gave her a great impact, "although the political atmosphere and public opinion at that time were both inclined ‘ China-Japan friendship ’ But I think this is what Chinese really thinks. "

　　Matsuoka Ring, who used to be a primary school teacher, said that at first, he felt that Japanese education was unfair, while teachers should have been just. "During the investigation, I found that Japan constantly strengthened its efforts to deny history and at the same time strengthened its armaments. The victims in Nanjing told me their pain and hoped that I would tell the truth to the Japanese people. People who deny history hurt their victims again and again, and I have to explain to the old people. They trusted me and encouraged me. When my activities achieved results and told these to the victims, I knew that their pain was also alleviated. "

　　Matsuoka Ring still remembers Zhang Xiuyu, an 88-year-old man, holding her hand a month before her death and earnestly telling her that she must tell the truth to the Japanese. It was the same old man who, with the encouragement of Matsuoka Ring, bravely went to the Japanese court as a witness in 1999 and accused Japanese militarism of the heinous crimes committed in China that year.

　　In 1990, Matsuoka Ring established an organization to investigate and study the truth of the Nanjing Massacre — — "Ming Xin Hui (Nanjing)", I hope that the memory of the Nanjing Massacre will be remembered by Japanese people.

　　"I think young people should be given a correct understanding of what their country is like. Since more than 10 years ago, there has been no history of aggression in textbooks. Before it was submitted to the Ministry of Education, Culture, Sports, and Education for examination and approval, the publishing house itself had already adjusted this paragraph, otherwise it could not be sold, which obscured the children’s eyes. "

　　The more Matsuoka Ring knows about the historical truth, the more questions he has and the more he wants to know. Since 1997, she began to consciously search for Japanese veterans who were the perpetrators, and a total of 250 perpetrators were interviewed by her.

　　"Less than 2% of the perpetrators have repented," Matsuoka Ring told reporters that only 3 or 4 of the 250 people expressed remorse. The indifference of the perpetrators and the painful struggle of the victims formed a very clear gap, which not only made her deeply saddened, but also further inspired Matsuoka Ring’s determination to reflect the historical truth in a neutral way.

　　A subtle fact is that the families of many Japanese veterans who did harm didn’t know that they had done so many bad things in China. Matsuoka found in the interview that these Japanese veterans didn’t disclose their evil deeds in China to their families. "I think they should still feel that those actions are wrong and guilty in their hearts."

　　Matsumura, a Japanese veteran who has talked with Matsuoka Ring for more than 20 times, impressed her deeply. "From pride and indifference at the beginning, to later saying that this war was a disaster, which was meaningless to Japan and China, until he died and said ‘ How nice it would be without this war ’ I deeply felt his inner remorse. "

　　Matsuoka Ring, who is still on the road of revealing and spreading the historical truth, finally said that it is very important to know each other’s history and the history of the other country, so that we can not repeat the same mistakes with common memories. "I hope the world knows how hard-won peace is and how to cherish it."

Clue collection.

The suspect was put on trial.

　　Beijing News (Reporter Liu Yang) A number of ATM robberies near the CBD in Chaoyang District at the end of last year were heard on May 24th. Defendant Yang Wannian specializes in robbing female white-collar workers. When he was tried, he said that because he lost his job, the more he robbed money, the less he dared to find a job, which was a vicious circle.

　　Yang Wannian, male, born in June 1994, with a high school education, is from lincang, Yunnan. At 10 o’clock in the morning, Yang Wannian, wearing a black T-shirt, was taken into court.

　　Accused of committing four crimes in November last year.

　　The public prosecution agency accused the defendant Yang Wannian of robbing Luo Moumou 500 yuan with a knife in November 2015 at the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China on the east side of Shuanghuayuan Bus Station in Chaoyang District, Beijing, after the victim Luo Moumou (female, 29 years old, from Beijing) withdrew money from the ATM of the bank.

　　At 7 o’clock on November 11th, 2015, the defendant Yang Wannian robbed the victim Feng Moumou (female, 27 years old, from Hubei) of 600 yuan with a knife at the ATM withdrawal office of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China at the bottom of Building 2, Shuangjing Beili, Chaoyang District, Beijing.

　　At about 6: 30 on November 18, 2015, the defendant Yang Wannian violently seized Wang Moumou’s 300 yuan and a savings card of ICBC at the ATM of the Industrial and Commercial Bank of China on the south side of Shuangjing Shiqiao International Trade Apartment in Chaoyang District, Beijing, after the victim Wang Moumou (female, 21 years old, from Beijing) withdrew money from the ATM of the bank.

　　At about 10: 53 on November 24, 2015, the defendant Yang Wannian forcibly seized Zhai Moumou’s RMB 1000 yuan at the ATM of Industrial and Commercial Bank of China, No.30 Fuxing Road, Haidian District, Beijing, taking advantage of the money that the victim Zhai Moumou (female, 21 years old, from Henan Province) withdrew from the ATM of the bank.

　　Defendant: You want to rob money when you are sleepy and hungry.

　　"At that time, I just came to Beijing for two months, and I didn’t need me at work. I was sleepy and hungry and wanted to grab money." Yang Wannian said that when he saw someone withdrawing money from the ATM, he planned to buy a knife first and then grab it.

　　The surveillance video shows that Yang Wannian is wearing a mask and hat, and his disguise is tight. After the victim took the money, he suddenly rushed out, grabbed his neck and held the knife against the victim.

　　Yang’s dress has also aroused the suspicion of the victim. The victim, Ms. Wang, said that she just wanted to withdraw money and found that someone behind her turned to leave. As a result, she was caught by her and pressed the ATM to grab the money.

　　The public prosecutor suggested that Yang Wannian be sentenced to 11 to 13 years in prison.

　　The case was not pronounced in court.

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guide reading

The development of artificial intelligence is changing with each passing day, and generative AI is one of them. It can create all kinds of words, images or sounds according to the input instructions. What is the principle of this technology? What are its applications and limitations? What challenges and risks will it bring? This article will introduce you to the basic concept, latest progress and future trend of generative AI, and let you know this innovative field that is changing our society.

At a glance:

• Generative AI refers to artificial intelligence that can learn the information in the database and generate words, images or audio according to the tips input by users.
• Generative AI is still in the toddler stage, and there are many areas that need to be improved, such as unreliable or biased answers.
• ChatGPT and Bloom belong to the application model of generative AI. The potential application of Qian Qian has yet to be explored.
• Any technology has advantages and disadvantages. Generative AI consumes a lot of energy and is at risk of being abused.

ChatGPT has become a hot topic in today’s society, and a new round of AI technology revolution has begun to emerge. Generative AI has seemingly endless potential application scenarios, and it has not surprisingly triggered endless debates. However, the public’s understanding of the principle of generative AI seems to need to be deepened.

Generative AI refers to artificial intelligence that can learn the information in the database and generate words, images or audio according to the tips input by users. Eric Moulines, a professor of statistical machine learning at Université Polytechnique de Paris, explained: "In the process of learning, AI will summarize laws from data and generate original content based on this."

At present, the two mainstream artificial intelligence models are GPT (Generative Pre-training Converter) and diffusion model. Hatim Bourfone, an artificial intelligence research engineer at the Institute of Intensive Scientific Computing Development and Resources (IDRIS) of the French National Centre for Scientific Research (CNRS), added: "Artificial intelligence will understand the contextual meaning of the input text through a’ attention mechanism’. The content of its output consists of the vocabulary it learned in the training stage before, and AI will judge which word to use next according to the probability of each word. " With different database training algorithms, AI suitable for different scenarios can be obtained.

Bourfoune’s team participated in the development of an AI called Bloom, which is an academic paper translator for researchers. Pierre Cornette, an IDRIS researcher, said, "The main task of the Bloom model is to learn many foreign languages. We input a lot of text into it, and then let it judge which word should appear below according to the previous content. If something goes wrong, we will correct it. "

New technology of toddler.

Moulines explained: "The history of the first generation of generative AI models is less than ten years. The first breakthrough of generative AI technology occurred in 2017: the advent of converter technology improved the attention mechanism. By 2021, commercial generative AI will be listed, and the speed is staggering, much faster than other deep learning models. " Nevertheless, we must realize that AI such as ChatGPT is still in the toddler stage, and there are many places to be improved.

Moulines admits that the credibility of the answers given by GPT is not high enough, and it is still a problem: "ChatGPT doesn’t know what’ credibility’ is and doesn’t know how to evaluate the accuracy of his answers." That’s why sometimes ChatGPT "talks nonsense in a serious way". "Because ChatGPT generates word sequences purely based on probabilistic reasoning, it will generate seemingly credible but actually false content."

In addition to "making up", there are some other defects of generative AI that need our attention. In the process of deep learning, AI will absorb a lot of existing texts and internalize their prejudices. Moulines said: "If you ask ChatGPT geopolitical questions, the answers are all the positions of western countries. China users will definitely not agree with such an answer! "

02 endless potential applications

The charm of generative AI is that it can develop endless models with different functions by using diverse learning databases. Cornette said: "Generative AI is like a high-powered engine, which can be mounted on a tractor to maximize its traction, and can also be installed in a racing car to let it fly by." If ChatGPT is compared to a racing car, GPT-4 is its engine. "The engine is the core technology. Drivers don’t need to know the principle of the engine, but they can also go fast on the field. "

Bloom can also reflect the extensive application potential of generative AI model. Bourfoune said: "A year ago, Bloom was the only model that was completely open to academic circles." Anyone can download Bloom and use it for their own research. After the training of multilingual scientific papers database, Bloom can now help scholars understand foreign language papers easily. Cornette added: "Bloom’s development team also launched a project called Bigcode for automatic generation of computer code. As long as the function of the code is simply described, Bigcode can write specific code in the programming language specified by the user. "

ChatGPT is very popular now, which shows that ordinary users have realized its practical value. In order to compete with Google, Bing has integrated the chat function of GPT into its search engine, which can overcome the shortcoming of "nonsense" of generative AI to some extent: the source of information will be marked in the answer given by Bing Chat, which is convenient for users to understand and verify the reliability of the content. Recently, Adobe integrated the generative AI model into Photoshop, Illustrator and other software, showing another novel application.

03 exciting future

Judging from the current application, generative AI will surely usher in an exciting future, but some people worry that this technology may be abused. Bourfoune admits: "Any technology has its advantages and disadvantages. This is why OpenAI has set up multiple security barriers. " OpenAI’s content policy also takes these security factors into consideration, so OpenAI chooses to remain silent on many issues concerning the operation of ChatGPT.

For the generative AI technology that is still in its infancy, Moulines said: "We clearly know that technology is still at the starting line in our research. We are all surprised that the generated AI can be used in practice. " However, there are still many gaps in technology such as legal supervision to be filled. Since generative AI generates content based on the existing content database, it may "plagiarize" other people’s works without mentioning the original author’s name. "To create a new work with existing content, you must declare the original source. AI’s behavior is suspected of infringement. "

Although generative AI has various limitations, its potential is still huge. Moulines said: "I am very excited to think of possible breakthroughs in this field in the future. The development of generative AI is unstoppable, and derivative applications will appear like mushrooms after rain. Now everyone is scrambling to develop new technologies and making rapid progress. " Bloom is a derivative application, which can not only promote cross-language communication between scientists, but also translate papers into rare small languages, promote the dissemination of scientific research results, and is expected to be used to preserve endangered languages.

However, in the excitement, we can’t ignore the carbon footprint of generative AI. Moulines explained: "These models need to store a lot of data, so they need a lot of memory. According to our estimation, the energy consumed by OpenAI is equivalent to the energy consumption of the entire national grid in Belgium. " In the future, energy consumption may be the biggest obstacle to the development of generative AI.